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Exceptionally high ?¹⁵N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores.

ABSTRACT: Isotope and archeological analyses of Paleolithic food webs have suggested that Neandertal subsistence relied mainly on the consumption of large herbivores. This conclusion was primarily based on elevated nitrogen isotope ratios in Neandertal bone collagen and has been significantly debated. This discussion relies on the observation that similar high nitrogen isotopes values could also be the result of the consumption of mammoths, young animals, putrid meat, cooked food, freshwater fish, carnivores, or mushrooms. Recently, compound-specific C and N isotope analyses of bone collagen amino acids have been demonstrated to add significantly more information about trophic levels and aquatic food consumption. We undertook single amino acid C and N isotope analysis on two Neandertals, which were characterized by exceptionally high N isotope ratios in their bulk bone or tooth collagen. We report here both C and N isotope ratios on single amino acids of collagen samples for these two Neandertals and associated fauna. The samples come from two sites dating to the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition period (Les Cottés and Grotte du Renne, France). Our results reinforce the interpretation of Neandertal dietary adaptations as successful top-level carnivores, even after the arrival of modern humans in Europe. They also demonstrate that high ?¹⁵N values of bone collagen can solely be explained by mammal meat consumption, as supported by archeological and zooarcheological evidence, without necessarily invoking explanations including the processing of food (cooking, fermenting), the consumption of mammoths or young mammals, or additional (freshwater fish, mushrooms) dietary protein sources.

SUBMITTER: Jaouen K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6421459 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exceptionally high δ<sup>15</sup>N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores.

Jaouen Klervia K Richards Michael P MP Le Cabec Adeline A Welker Frido F Rendu William W Hublin Jean-Jacques JJ Soressi Marie M Talamo Sahra S

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20190219 11

Isotope and archeological analyses of Paleolithic food webs have suggested that Neandertal subsistence relied mainly on the consumption of large herbivores. This conclusion was primarily based on elevated nitrogen isotope ratios in Neandertal bone collagen and has been significantly debated. This discussion relies on the observation that similar high nitrogen isotopes values could also be the result of the consumption of mammoths, young animals, putrid meat, cooked food, freshwater fish, carnivo ...[more]

PMID: 30782806

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Exceptionally high ?¹⁵N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores.

Publications

Exceptionally high δ<sup>15</sup>N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores.

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Exceptionally high ?15N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores.

Publications

Exceptionally high δ<sup>15</sup>N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Exceptionally high ?¹⁵N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores.