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Flipping ATP to AMPlify Kinase Functions.

ABSTRACT: Understanding protein kinase family members that lack key catalytic residues-or pseudokinases-is a major challenge in cell signaling. In this issue of Cell, Sreelatha et al. (2018) describe how one pseudokinase transfers adenosine monophosphate (AMP) rather than phosphate to protein substrates, revealing unexpected catalytic diversity for the kinase fold.

SUBMITTER: Sheetz JB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6421561 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Flipping ATP to AMPlify Kinase Functions.

Sheetz Joshua B JB Lemmon Mark A MA

Cell 20181001 3

Understanding protein kinase family members that lack key catalytic residues-or pseudokinases-is a major challenge in cell signaling. In this issue of Cell, Sreelatha et al. (2018) describe how one pseudokinase transfers adenosine monophosphate (AMP) rather than phosphate to protein substrates, revealing unexpected catalytic diversity for the kinase fold. ...[more]

PMID: 30340038

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Project description:Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) has previously been identified as an endosomal protein that blocks viral infection1-3. Here we studied clinical cohorts of patients with B cell leukaemia and lymphoma, and identified IFITM3 as a strong predictor of poor outcome. In normal resting B cells, IFITM3 was minimally expressed and mainly localized in endosomes. However, engagement of the B cell receptor (BCR) induced both expression of IFITM3 and phosphorylation of this protein at Tyr20, which resulted in the accumulation of IFITM3 at the cell surface. In B cell leukaemia, oncogenic kinases phosphorylate IFITM3 at Tyr20, which causes constitutive localization of this protein at the plasma membrane. In a mouse model, Ifitm3-/- naive B cells developed in normal numbers; however, the formation of germinal centres and the production of antigen-specific antibodies were compromised. Oncogenes that induce the development of leukaemia and lymphoma did not transform Ifitm3-/- B cells. Conversely, the phosphomimetic IFITM3(Y20E) mutant induced oncogenic PI3K signalling and initiated the transformation of premalignant B cells. Mechanistic experiments revealed that IFITM3 functions as a PIP3 scaffold and central amplifier of PI3K signalling. The amplification of PI3K signals depends on IFITM3 using two lysine residues (Lys83 and Lys104) in its conserved intracellular loop as a scaffold for the accumulation of PIP3. In Ifitm3-/- B cells, lipid rafts were depleted of PIP3, which resulted in the defective expression of over 60 lipid-raft-associated surface receptors, and impaired BCR signalling and cellular adhesion. We conclude that the phosphorylation of IFITM3 that occurs after B cells encounter antigen induces a dynamic switch from antiviral effector functions in endosomes to a PI3K amplification loop at the cell surface. IFITM3-dependent amplification of PI3K signalling, which in part acts downstream of the BCR, is critical for the rapid expansion of B cells with high affinity to antigen. In addition, multiple oncogenes depend on IFITM3 to assemble PIP3-dependent signalling complexes and amplify PI3K signalling for malignant transformation.

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Flipping ATP to AMPlify Kinase Functions.

Publications

Flipping ATP to AMPlify Kinase Functions.

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