Dataset Information

Increased Diet Quality is Associated with Long-Term Reduction of Abdominal and Pericardial Fat.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study examined the longitudinal associations between genetic risk, change in diet quality, and change in visceral adipose tissue (?VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (?SAT), and pericardial adipose tissue (?PAT).

Methods

A total of 1,677 Framingham Heart Study participants who had ectopic fat depots measured using computed tomography were analyzed. Diet quality was quantified using a Mediterranean-style diet score (MDS) and genetic risk by depot-specific genetic risk scores (GRSs).

Results

Per SD improvement in MDS, there was 50 cm³ (95% CI: 14-86; P = 0.007) less fat accumulation in VAT, 52 cm³ (95% CI: 12-92; P = 0.01) less fat accumulation in SAT, and 1.3 cm³ (95% CI: 0.1-2.4; P = 0.04) less fat accumulation in PAT. No association was observed between GRSs and ?VAT or ?SAT. Each 1-SD increase in the PAT GRS was associated with a 1.2-cm³ (95% CI: 0.1-2.3; P = 0.03) increase in ?PAT. In participants with higher PAT GRS, those with ?MDS ? 0 had a favorable change in PAT compared with the counterparts with ?MDS < 0 (P = 0.008).

Conclusions

Longitudinal improvements in diet quality are associated with less ectopic fat accumulation. This study suggests that diet quality may play a critical role in improving ectopic adiposity profiles.

SUBMITTER: Hennein R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6430652 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Increased Diet Quality is Associated with Long-Term Reduction of Abdominal and Pericardial Fat.

Hennein Rachel R Liu Chunyu C McKeown Nicola M NM Hoffmann Udo U Long Michelle T MT Levy Daniel D Ma Jiantao J

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 20190301 4

<h4>Objective</h4>This study examined the longitudinal associations between genetic risk, change in diet quality, and change in visceral adipose tissue (ΔVAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ΔSAT), and pericardial adipose tissue (ΔPAT).<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 1,677 Framingham Heart Study participants who had ectopic fat depots measured using computed tomography were analyzed. Diet quality was quantified using a Mediterranean-style diet score (MDS) and genetic risk by depot-specific ge ...[more]

PMID: 30825267

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Project description:BackgroundFew population-based studies have evaluated the influence of long-term diet on the gut microbiome, and data among Asian populations are lacking.ObjectiveWe examined the association of long-term diet quality, comprising 8 food groups (fruit, vegetables, dairy, fish/seafood, nuts/legumes, refined grains, red meat, and processed meat), with gut microbiome among Chinese adults.MethodsIncluded were 1920 men and women, enrolled in 2 prospective cohorts (baseline 1996-2006), who remained free of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer at stool collection (2015-2018) and had no diarrhea or antibiotic use in the last 7 d before stool collection. Microbiome was profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. Long-term diet was assessed by repeated surveys at baseline and follow-ups (1996-2011), with intervals of 5.2 to 20.5 y between dietary surveys and stool collection. Associations of dietary variables with microbiome diversity and composition were evaluated by linear or negative binomial hurdle models, adjusting for potential confounders. False discovery rate (FDR) <0.1 was considered significant.ResultsThe mean ± SD age at stool collection was 68 ± 1.5 y. Diet quality was positively associated with microbiome α-diversity (P = 0.03) and abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, and genera/species within these phyla, including Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium/Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and order RF39 (all FDRs <0.1). Significant associations were also observed for intakes of dairy, fish/seafood, nuts/legumes, refined grains, and processed meat, including a positive association of dairy with Bifidobacterium and inverse associations of processed meat with Roseburia /Roseburia faecis. Most associations were similar, with or without adjustment for BMI and hypertension status or excluding participants with antibiotic use in the past 6 mo.ConclusionAmong apparently healthy Chinese adults, long-term diet quality is positively associated with fecal microbiome diversity and abundance of fiber-fermenting bacteria, although magnitudes are generally small. Future studies are needed to examine if these bacteria may mediate or modify diet-disease relations.

Dataset Information

Increased Diet Quality is Associated with Long-Term Reduction of Abdominal and Pericardial Fat.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Increased Diet Quality is Associated with Long-Term Reduction of Abdominal and Pericardial Fat.

Similar Datasets

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