Dataset Information

Personality Changes With Dementia From the Informant Perspective: New Data and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in personality in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia as observed by family members using both new data and a meta-analysis with the published literature. DESIGN:Current and retrospective personality assessments of individuals with dementia by family informants. PubMed was searched for studies with a similar design and a forward citation tracking was conducted using Google Scholar in June 2018. Results from a new sample and from published studies were combined in a random effect meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:Family members of older adults with MCI or dementia. MEASURES:The 5 major dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and facets of personality were assessed with NEO Personality Inventory questionnaires. RESULTS:The new sample (n = 50) and meta-analysis (18 samples; n = 542) found consistent shifts in personality from the premorbid to current state in patients with cognitive impairment. The largest changes (>1 standard deviation) were declines in conscientiousness (particularly for the facets of self-discipline and competence) and extraversion (decreased energy and assertiveness), as well as increases in neuroticism (increased vulnerability to stress). The new sample suggested that personality changes were larger in individuals taking cognition-enhancing medications (cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine). More recent studies and those that examined individuals with MCI found smaller effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:Consistent with the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of dementia, the new study and meta-analysis found replicable evidence for large changes in personality among individuals with dementia. Future research should examine whether there are different patterns of personality changes across etiologies of dementia to inform differential diagnosis and treatments. Prospective, repeated assessments of personality using both self- and informant-reports are essential to clarify the temporal evolution of personality change across the preclinical, prodromal, and clinical phases of dementia.

SUBMITTER: Islam M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6432780 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Personality Changes With Dementia From the Informant Perspective: New Data and Meta-Analysis.

Islam Maheen M Mazumder Mridul M Schwabe-Warf Derek D Stephan Yannick Y Sutin Angelina R AR Terracciano Antonio A

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 20190107 2

<h4>Objective</h4>To examine changes in personality in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia as observed by family members using both new data and a meta-analysis with the published literature.<h4>Design</h4>Current and retrospective personality assessments of individuals with dementia by family informants. PubMed was searched for studies with a similar design and a forward citation tracking was conducted using Google Scholar in June 2018. Results from a new sample and fro ...[more]

PMID: 30630729

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Project description:In the past decade, several conceptual papers have linked variation in animal personality to variation in cognition, and recent years have seen a flood of empirical studies testing this link. However, these results have not been synthesized in a quantitative way. Here, we systematically search the literature and conduct a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis of empirical papers that have tested the relationship between animal personality (exploration, boldness, activity, aggression and sociability) and cognition (initial learning/reversal speed, number of correct choices/errors after standard training). We find evidence for a small but significant relationship between variation in personality and variation in learning across species in the absolute scale; however, the direction of this relationship is highly variable and when both positive and negative effect sizes are considered, the average effect size does not differ significantly from zero. Importantly, this variation among studies is not explained by differences in personality or learning measure, or taxonomic grouping. Further, these results do not support current hypotheses suggesting that that fast-explorers are fast-learners or that slow-explorers perform better on tests of reversal learning. Rather, we find evidence that bold animals are faster learners, but only when boldness is measured in response to a predator (or simulated predator) and not when boldness is measured by exposure to a novel object (or novel food). Further, although only a small sub-sample of papers reported results separately for males and females, sex explained a significant amount of variation in effect size. These results, therefore, suggest that, while personality and learning are indeed related across a range of species, the direction of this relationship is highly variable. Thus further empirical work is needed to determine whether there are important moderators of this relationship.This article is part of the theme issue 'Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities'.

Dataset Information

Personality Changes With Dementia From the Informant Perspective: New Data and Meta-Analysis.

Publications

Personality Changes With Dementia From the Informant Perspective: New Data and Meta-Analysis.

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