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Nanoelectromechanical resonant narrow-band amplifiers.

ABSTRACT: This study demonstrates amplification of electrical signals using a very simple nanomechanical device. It is shown that vibration amplitude amplification using a combination of mechanical resonance and thermal-piezoresistive energy pumping, which was previously demonstrated to drive self-sustained mechanical oscillation, can turn the relatively weak piezoresistivity of silicon into a viable electronic amplification mechanism with power gains of >20?dB. Various functionalities ranging from frequency selection and timing to sensing and actuation have been successfully demonstrated for microscale and nanoscale electromechanical systems. Although such capabilities complement solid-state electronics, enabling state-of-the-art compact and high-performance electronics, the amplification of electronic signals is an area where micro-/nanomechanics has not experienced much progress. In contrast to semiconductor devices, the performance of the proposed nanoelectromechanical amplifier improves significantly as the dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale presenting a potential pathway toward deep-nanoscale electronics. The nanoelectromechanical amplifier can also address the need for ultranarrow-band filtering along with the amplification of low-power signals in wireless communications and certain sensing applications, which is another need that is not efficiently addressable using semiconductor technology.

SUBMITTER: Ramezany A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6444725 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanoelectromechanical resonant narrow-band amplifiers.

Ramezany Alireza A Mahdavi Mohammad M Pourkamali Siavash S

Microsystems & nanoengineering 20160324

This study demonstrates amplification of electrical signals using a very simple nanomechanical device. It is shown that vibration amplitude amplification using a combination of mechanical resonance and thermal-piezoresistive energy pumping, which was previously demonstrated to drive self-sustained mechanical oscillation, can turn the relatively weak piezoresistivity of silicon into a viable electronic amplification mechanism with power gains of >20 dB. Various functionalities ranging from freque ...[more]

PMID: 31057815

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Project description:Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory and hyperproliferative immune-mediated skin disorder. Narrow-band UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy is a convenient first-line treatment of psoriasis, though the mechanisms underlying its efficacy have not been completely elucidated. In order to improve our understanding of NB-UVB phototherapy, gene expression profiling was used to characterize gene expression in lesional epidermis from psoriasis patients undergoing NB-UVB phototherapy. Increased expression of melanogenesis pathway genes was observed to be the earliest response. At the end of treatment, genes involved in diverse biological processes were affected, such as pigmentation, cell adhesion, ectodermal development and metabolism. The relationship between gene expression and treatment outcome was further studied using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Gene ontology analysis showed that genes responding to phototherapy and highly correlated to treatment outcome were involved in oxidation reduction, growth and mitochondria organization. In particular SPATA18, a key regulator of mitochondria quality, was found to be significantly downregulated in psoriasis, and its upregulation following phototherapy was required for optimal clinical improvement. Our data suggest that oxidation reduction is a critical event for the resolution of psoriatic plaques. Twelve patients diagnosed with plaque type psoriasis were recruited to the study. NB-UVB irradiation was administered to the whole body two to three times a week. Treatment comprising approximately 24 sessions was given during two to three months. A total of six 4 mm diameter punch biopsies were taken from lesions on each psoriasis patient: two prior to UV treatment (pre-UV), two at the middle stage of UV treatment (after about one month of treatment, mid-UV) and two before the last treatment session (post-UV). Twelve healthy age-, sex- and skin type-matched volunteers were also recruited and two punch biopsies were taken from the buttocks. RNA was extracted from Laser capture microdissected epidermis.

Project description:BackgroundIn recent years, two new narrow-band imaging (NBI) classifications have been proposed: The NBI international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) classification and Japanese NBI expert team (JNET) classification. Most validation studies of the two new NBI classifications were conducted in classification setting units by experienced endoscopists, and the application of use in different centers among endoscopists with different endoscopy skills remains unknown.AimTo evaluate clinical application and possible problems of NICE and JNET classification for the differential diagnosis of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions.MethodsSix endoscopists with varying levels of experience participated in this study. Eighty-seven consecutive patients with a total of 125 lesions were photographed during non-magnifying conventional white-light colonoscopy, non-magnifying NBI, and magnifying NBI. The three groups of endoscopic pictures of each lesion were evaluated by the six endoscopists in randomized order using the NICE and JENT classifications separately. Then we calculated the six endoscopists' sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each category of the two classifications.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of JNET classification type 1 and 3 were similar to NICE classification type 1 and 3 in both the highly experienced endoscopist (HEE) and less-experienced endoscopist (LEE) groups. The specificity of JNET classification type 1 and 3 and NICE classification type 3 in both the HEE and LEE groups was > 95%, and the overall interobserver agreement was good in both groups. The sensitivity of NICE classification type 3 lesions for diagnosis of SM-d carcinoma in the HEE group was significantly superior to that in the LEE group (91.7% vs 83.3%; P = 0.042). The sensitivity of JNET classification type 2B lesions for the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia or superficial submucosal invasive carcinoma in the HEE and LEE groups was 53.8% and 51.3%, respectively. Compared with other types of JNET classification, the diagnostic ability of type 2B was the weakest.ConclusionThe treatment strategy of the two classification type 1 and 3 lesions can be based on the results of endoscopic examination. JNET type 2B lesions need further examination.

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Nanoelectromechanical resonant narrow-band amplifiers.

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Nanoelectromechanical resonant narrow-band amplifiers.

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