Dataset Information

Resting-state functional connectivity and inflexibility of daily emotions in major depression.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by aberrant resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in anterior cingulate regions (e.g., subgenual anterior cingulate [sgACC]) and by negative emotional functioning that is inflexible or resistant to change. METHODS:MDD (N?=?33) and control (CTL; N?=?31) adults completed a resting-state scan, followed by a smartphone-based Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) protocol surveying 10 positive and negative emotions 5 times per day for 21 days. We used multilevel modeling to assess moment-to-moment emotional inflexibility (i.e., strong temporal connections between emotions). We examined group differences in whole-brain FC analysis of bilateral sgACC, and then examined associations between emotional experiences and the extracted FC values within each group. RESULTS:As predicted, MDDs had inflexibility in sadness and avoidance (p < .001, FDR-corrected p < .05), indicating that these emotional experiences persist in depression. MDDs showed weaker FC between the right sgACC and pregenual/dorsal anterior cingulate (pg/dACC) than did CTLs (FWE-corrected, voxelwise p = .01). Importantly, sgACC-pg/dACC FC predicted sadness inflexibility in both MDDs (p?=?.046) and CTLs (p?=?.033), suggesting that sgACC FC is associated with day-to-day negative emotions. LIMITATIONS:Other maladaptive behaviors likely also affect the flexibility of negative emotions. We cannot generalize our finding of a positive relation between sgACC FC and inflexibility of sadness to individuals with more chronic depression or who have recovered from depression. CONCLUSIONS:Our preliminary findings suggest that connections between portions of the ACC contribute to the persistence of negative emotions and are important in identifying a brain mechanism that may underlie the maintenance of sadness in daily life.

SUBMITTER: Schwartz J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6446895 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Resting-state functional connectivity and inflexibility of daily emotions in major depression.

Schwartz Jaclyn J Ordaz Sarah J SJ Kircanski Katharina K Ho Tiffany C TC Davis Elena G EG Camacho M Catalina MC Gotlib Ian H IH

Journal of affective disorders 20190206

<h4>Background</h4>Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by aberrant resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in anterior cingulate regions (e.g., subgenual anterior cingulate [sgACC]) and by negative emotional functioning that is inflexible or resistant to change.<h4>Methods</h4>MDD (N = 33) and control (CTL; N = 31) adults completed a resting-state scan, followed by a smartphone-based Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) protocol surveying 10 positive and negative emotions 5 time ...[more]

PMID: 30743019

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Project description:IMPORTANCE:Major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently emerges during adolescence and can lead to persistent illness, disability, and suicide. The maturational changes that take place in the brain during adolescence underscore the importance of examining neurobiological mechanisms during this time of early illness. However, neural mechanisms of depression in adolescents have been understudied. Research has implicated the amygdala in emotion processing in mood disorders, and adult depression studies have suggested amygdala-frontal connectivity deficits. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is an advanced tool that can be used to probe neural networks and identify brain-behavior relationships. OBJECTIVE:To examine amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in adolescents with and without MDD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as how amygdala RSFC relates to a broad range of symptom dimensions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:A cross-sectional resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study was conducted within a depression research program at an academic medical center. Participants included 41 adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 19 years with MDD and 29 healthy adolescents (frequency matched on age and sex) with no psychiatric diagnoses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:Using a whole-brain functional connectivity approach, we examined the correlation of spontaneous fluctuation of the blood oxygen level-dependent signal of each voxel in the whole brain with that of the amygdala. RESULTS:Adolescents with MDD showed lower positive RSFC between the amygdala and hippocampus, parahippocampus, and brainstem (z >2.3, corrected P < .05); this connectivity was inversely correlated with general depression (R?=?-.523, P?=?.01), dysphoria (R?=?-.455, P?=?.05), and lassitude (R?=?-.449, P?=?.05) and was positively correlated with well-being (R?=?.470, P?=?.03). Patients also demonstrated greater (positive) amygdala-precuneus RSFC (z >2.3, corrected P < .05) in contrast to negative amygdala-precuneus RSFC in the adolescents serving as controls. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:Impaired amygdala-hippocampal/brainstem and amygdala-precuneus RSFC have not previously been highlighted in depression and may be unique to adolescent MDD. These circuits are important for different aspects of memory and self-processing and for modulation of physiologic responses to emotion. The findings suggest potential mechanisms underlying both mood and vegetative symptoms, potentially via impaired processing of memories and visceral signals that spontaneously arise during rest, contributing to the persistent symptoms experienced by adolescents with depression.

Dataset Information

Resting-state functional connectivity and inflexibility of daily emotions in major depression.

Publications

Resting-state functional connectivity and inflexibility of daily emotions in major depression.

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