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An Economic Gap Between the Recommended Healthy Food Patterns and Existing Diets of Minority Groups in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-14.

ABSTRACT: The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has identified three Healthy Food Patterns as ways to implement the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We estimated the daily cost of the Healthy Vegetarian, US-Style, and Mediterranean Food Patterns (at 2,000 kcal/d) using national food prices adjusted for inflation. We also estimated the cost of existing dietary intakes in $/2,000 kcal/d for persons ?2 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013-2014) using the same national food prices. The Nutrient Rich Food index (NRF9.3) was used as a measure of diet quality. Compared to existing diets, the USDA Healthy Food Patterns were higher in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals; were lower in solid fats, sugars, and sodium, and had higher diet quality scores. However, they also cost more. The cost of existing diets in NHANES was $5.47/d for Hispanics, $5.48/d for African-Americans, $5.94/d for Whites and $6.57/d for Asians. By contrast, the recommended US-Style Pattern cost $8.27/d, the Vegetarian Pattern cost $5.90/d, and the Mediterranean Pattern cost $8.73/d. Further, the Healthy Food Patterns featured some of the recommended food groups in unrealistic amounts. To ensure that the US Dietary Guidelines are both feasible and relevant to minority health, economic modeling studies should accompany government-issued dietary advice.

SUBMITTER: Fulgoni V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6458255 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An Economic Gap Between the Recommended Healthy Food Patterns and Existing Diets of Minority Groups in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-14.

Fulgoni Victor V Drewnowski Adam A

Frontiers in nutrition 20190404

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has identified three Healthy Food Patterns as ways to implement the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We estimated the daily cost of the Healthy Vegetarian, US-Style, and Mediterranean Food Patterns (at 2,000 kcal/d) using national food prices adjusted for inflation. We also estimated the cost of existing dietary intakes in $/2,000 kcal/d for persons ≥2 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013-2014) using the sam ...[more]

PMID: 31019912

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Project description:Eleven polybrominated diphenyl ether (tri- to deca-BDE) congeners and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB153) have been measured in pooled serum samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for one decade (from survey years 2005/06 through 2013/14). The pools, which are representative of the general noninstitutionalized population of the United States, encompassed thirty-two demographic groups defined by sex, race/ethnicity (Mexican American, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and all other race/ethnicities), and age (12-19, >20-39, >40-59, and ?60 years). The adjusted geometric means were determined in a multiple linear regression model for the six congeners (BDE28, BDE47, BDE99, BDE100, BDE153, and BB153) with detectable concentrations in at least 60% of pools in each of the thirty-two demographic groups; the level of significance for all statistical comparisons thereof were determined. BDE154 and BDE209 were detected in 60% of the NHANES 2011/12 and 2013/14 pools; only these two survey periods were evaluated for these congeners. The percent change in concentration by a 2-year survey period was calculated. All examined PBDEs reported in five survey periods decreased in concentration, except BDE153, for which concentrations increased by 12.0% (95% CI 7.1-16.4) and 8.4% (95% CI 2.9-14.1) for the age groups 40-59 and ?60 years, respectively; no significant change was observed in younger age groups. Excluding BDE153, we observed larger percentage decreases by a 2-year survey period for the age groups 12-19, 20-39, and ?60 years compared with the age group 40-59 years. The percentage decrease by a two-year survey period ranged between -19.6% (BDE99, 20-39 years old) and -4.5% (BDE100, 40-59 years old). Although five polybrominated diphenyl ether (PDBE) congeners and BB153 are still frequently detected in the U.S. general population, PBDE concentrations have decreased since 2005-2006, likely, because of changes in manufacturing practices that started in the mid-2000s.

Project description:The racial and ethnic disparities in diet-related chronic diseases are major concerns. This systematic review examines the extent to which diet-induced changes in health outcomes, such as cardiometabolic, inflammation, cancer, bone health, and kidney function outcomes, etc., have been reported and discussed by race or ethnicity in randomized trials with 2 or more diet arms that recruited both minority and non-Hispanic White groups. Databases (i.e., PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched up to August 2021. Thirty-four studies that discussed effects of defined dietary interventions on health outcomes by racial or ethnic minority group compared with non-Hispanic Whites were included in the systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021229256). Acute trials and those with 1 diet arm that accounted for race or ethnicity in their analyses and studies that focused on a single racial or ethnic group were discussed separately. Most studies were conducted in Black compared with White adults testing effects of energy restriction, macronutrient modification, sodium reduction, or variations of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on cardiometabolic outcomes. There was limited focus on other minority groups. Evidence suggests greater blood pressure reduction for Black adults compared with Whites particularly with DASH (or similar) diets. Overall, there was limited consideration for group-specific eating patterns and diet acceptability. Overall risk of bias was low. With emerging precision nutrition initiatives that aim to optimize metabolic responses in population subgroups through tailored approaches, it is imperative to ensure adequate representation of racial and ethnic subgroups for addressing health disparities. Factors that help explain variability in responses such as socioecological context should be included and adequately powered. Given the racial and ethnic disparities in chronic diseases, studying the adoption, maintenance, and effectiveness of dietary interventions on health outcomes among different groups is critical for developing approaches that can mitigate diet-related health disparities.

Dataset Information

An Economic Gap Between the Recommended Healthy Food Patterns and Existing Diets of Minority Groups in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-14.

Publications

An Economic Gap Between the Recommended Healthy Food Patterns and Existing Diets of Minority Groups in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-14.

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