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Association between pulse pressure and aortic calcification: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014.

ABSTRACT: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a low-cost, minimal radiation technique commonly used to assess bone density and body composition that can also provide a measure of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). We examined the association between pulse pressure (PP) and DXA-derived AAC in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Analyses were performed in 2,478 adults from the 2013-2014 NHANES cycle. AAC scores were calculated using a validated 24-point scale from thoraco-lumbar spine images (scored 1-6 across four vertebral heights from L1-L4 for both anterior and posterior aortic walls). We examined PP as a predictor of both the presence (dichotomous) and magnitude (continuous) of AAC in age-stratified analyses (<60 years of age and ≥60 years of age) adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, sex, mean arterial pressure and additionally for age and antihypertensive medication. The prevalence of AAC was 25.5%. PP was a predictor of the presence of AAC in fully adjusted models in adults <60 years of age (OR 1.31, P < .05) and ≥60 years of age (OR 1.33, P < .05). PP was also associated with the magnitude of AAC in the overall sample but did not retain significance after separating by age-groups and additionally adjusting for antihypertensive medication. In conclusion, PP is associated with the presence of AAC as measured by DXA in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

SUBMITTER: Heffernan KS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8030045 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundUltra-processed food has low nutritional quality, is associated with development of chronic diseases, and may increase exposure to chemicals used in food packaging and production.ObjectivesTo assess associations of ultra-processed food consumption with exposure to phthalates and bisphenols, including newer replacements, in the general U.S.PopulationMethodsAmong 2212 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 participants (≥6 years), we classified items reported in a 24-h dietary recall according to the NOVA food processing classification system and calculated energy intake from ultra-processed food. Urinary concentrations of mono-benzyl (MBzP), mono-(3-carboxypropyl) (MCPP), mono-(carboxyisononyl) (MCNP), mono-(carboxyisoctyl) (MCOP), and four metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) (∑DEHP) phthalates and bisphenols A, F, and S were measured in spot urine samples. We estimated percent changes in natural log creatinine-standardized concentrations per 10% higher energy from ultra-processed food in covariate-adjusted multivariable linear regression models. We examined effect measure modification by age group, race/ethnicity, and poverty:income ratio and assessed associations with minimally processed food intake.ResultsIn adjusted models, higher energy from ultra-processed food was associated with higher urinary concentrations of MCPP, MCNP, and MCOP but not MBzP, ∑DEHP, or bisphenols. Each 10% higher energy from ultra-processed food was associated with 8.0% (95% CI: 5.6%, 10.3%) higher urinary MCOP concentrations, with a stronger association among children than adolescents or adults. Ultra-processed sandwiches/hamburgers, French fries/other potato products, and ice cream/pops were associated with higher concentrations of multiple chemicals. Higher energy from minimally processed food was associated with lower concentrations of MCPP, MCNP, MCOP, and bisphenols A and F.DiscussionUltra-processed food consumption may increase exposure to currently used phthalates. Additional research is needed to determine whether minimally processed food diets or changes in food production practices can reduce phthalate and bisphenol exposures and related health effects, particularly among children who are more vulnerable to toxicants and tend to consume more ultra-processed food than adults.

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Association between pulse pressure and aortic calcification: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014.

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