Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

26 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Positron emission tomography of type 2 cannabinoid receptors for detecting inflammation in the central nervous system.

ABSTRACT: Cannabinoid receptor CB2 (CB2R) is upregulated on activated microglia and astrocytes in the brain under inflammatory conditions and plays important roles in many neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic stroke. The advent of positron emission tomography (PET) using CB2R radiotracers has enabled the visualization of CB2R distribution in vivo in animal models of central nervous system inflammation, however translation to humans has been less successful. Several novel CB2R radiotracers have been developed and evaluated to quantify microglial activation. In this review, we summarize the recent preclinical and clinical imaging results of CB2R PET tracers and discuss the prospects of CB2R imaging using PET.

SUBMITTER: Ni R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6460366 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Positron emission tomography of type 2 cannabinoid receptors for detecting inflammation in the central nervous system.

Ni Ruiqing R Mu Linjing L Ametamey Simon S

Acta pharmacologica Sinica 20180619 3

Cannabinoid receptor CB2 (CB2R) is upregulated on activated microglia and astrocytes in the brain under inflammatory conditions and plays important roles in many neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic stroke. The advent of positron emission tomography (PET) using CB2R radiotracers has enabled the visualization of CB2R distribution in vivo in animal models of central nervous system inflammation, h ...[more]

PMID: 29921889

Similar Datasets

Positron emission tomography reporter gene strategy for use in the central nervous system.

Project description:There is a growing need for monitoring or imaging gene therapy in the central nervous system (CNS). This can be achieved with a positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene strategy. Here we report the development of a PET reporter gene system using the PKM2 gene with its associated radiotracer [18F]DASA-23. The PKM2 reporter gene was delivered to the brains of mice by adeno-associated virus (AAV9) via stereotactic injection. Serial PET imaging was carried out over 8 wk to assess PKM2 expression. After 8 wk, the brains were excised for further mRNA and protein analysis. PET imaging at 8 wk post-AAV delivery showed an increase in [18F]DASA-23 brain uptake in the transduced site of mice injected with the AAV mice over all controls. We believe PKM2 shows great promise as a PET reporter gene and to date is the only example that can be used in all areas of the CNS without breaking the blood-brain barrier, to monitor gene and cell therapy.

| S-EPMC6561252 | biostudies-literature

Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in primary central nervous system lymphoma-a narrative review.

Project description:This review addresses the challenges of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma diagnosis, assessment of treatment response, and detection of recurrence. Primary CNS lymphoma is a rare form of extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can involve brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges, and eyes. Primary CNS lymphoma lesions are most commonly confined to the white matter or deep cerebral structures such as basal ganglia and deep periventricular regions. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard diagnostic modality employed by neuro-oncologists. MRI often shows common morphological features such as a single or multiple uniformly well-enhancing lesions without necrosis but with moderate surrounding edema. Other brain tumors or inflammatory processes can show similar radiological patterns, making differential diagnosis difficult. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has selected utility in cerebral lymphoma, especially in diagnosis. Primary CNS lymphoma can sometimes present with atypical findings on MRI and FDG PET, such as disseminated disease, non-enhancing or ring-like enhancing lesions. The complementary strengths of PET and MRI have led to the development of combined PET-MR systems, which in some cases may improve lesion characterization and detection. By highlighting active developments in this field, including advanced MRI sequences, novel radiotracers, and potential imaging biomarkers, we aim to spur interest in sophisticated imaging approaches.

| S-EPMC8248935 | biostudies-literature

A novel fluorine-18 β-fluoroethoxy organophosphate positron emission tomography imaging tracer targeted to central nervous system acetylcholinesterase.

Project description:Radiosynthesis of a fluorine-18 labeled organophosphate (OP) inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and subsequent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the tracer in the rat central nervous system are reported. The tracer structure, which contains a novel β-fluoroethoxy phosphoester moiety, was designed as an insecticide-chemical nerve agent hybrid to optimize handling and the desired target reactivity. Radiosynthesis of the β-fluoroethoxy tracer is described that utilizes a [(18)F]prosthetic group coupling approach. The imaging utility of the [(18)F]tracer is demonstrated in vivo within rats by the evaluation of its brain penetration and cerebral distribution qualities in the absence and presence of a challenge agent. The tracer effectively penetrates brain and localizes to cerebral regions known to correlate with the expression of the AChE target. Brain pharmacokinetic properties of the tracer are consistent with the formation of an OP-adducted acetylcholinesterase containing the fluoroethoxy tracer group. Based on the initial favorable in vivo qualities found in rat, additional [(18)F]tracer studies are ongoing to exploit the technology to dynamically probe organophosphate mechanisms of action in mammalian live tissues.

| S-EPMC4102964 | biostudies-literature

Imaging Inflammation with Positron Emission Tomography.

Project description:The impact of inflammation on the outcome of many medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases has been widely acknowledged. However, in contrast to neurological, oncologic, and cardiovascular disorders, imaging plays a minor role in research and management of inflammation. Imaging can provide insights into individual and temporospatial biology and grade of inflammation which can be of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value. There is therefore an urgent need to evaluate and understand current approaches and potential applications for imaging of inflammation. This review discusses radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) that have been used to image inflammation in cardiovascular diseases and other inflammatory conditions with a special emphasis on radiotracers that have already been successfully applied in clinical settings.

| S-EPMC7922638 | biostudies-literature

Decreased Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors in Male Tobacco Smokers Examined With Positron Emission Tomography.

Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies showed reduction of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in adults with cannabis and alcohol use disorders. Preclinical data suggest that these receptors also contribute to nicotine reward and dependence. Tobacco smoking may confound clinical studies of psychiatric disorders because many patients with such disorders smoke tobacco. Whether human subjects who smoke tobacco but are otherwise healthy have altered CB1 receptor binding in brain is unknown.MethodsWe measured CB1 receptors in brains of 18 healthy men who smoke tobacco (frequent chronic cigarette smokers), and 28 healthy men who do not smoke tobacco, using positron emission tomography and [18F]FMPEP-d2, a radioligand for CB1 receptors. We collected arterial blood samples during scanning to calculate the distribution volume (VT), which is nearly proportional to CB1 receptor density. Repeated-measures analysis of variance compared VT between groups in various brain regions.ResultsBrain CB1 receptor VT was about 20% lower in subjects who smoke tobacco than in subjects who do not. Decreased VT was found in all brain regions, but reduction did not correlate with years of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, or measures of nicotine dependence.ConclusionsTobacco-smoking healthy men have a widespread reduction of CB1 receptor density in brain. Reduction of CB1 receptors appears to be a common feature of substance use disorders. Future clinical studies on the CB1 receptor should control for tobacco smoking.

| S-EPMC6388688 | biostudies-literature

Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System.

Project description:The biological effects of cannabinoids, the major constituents of the ancient medicinal plant Cannabis sativa (marijuana) are mediated by two members of the G-protein coupled receptor family, cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R) and 2. The CB1R is the prominent subtype in the central nervous system (CNS) and has drawn great attention as a potential therapeutic avenue in several pathological conditions, including neuropsychological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, cannabinoids also modulate signal transduction pathways and exert profound effects at peripheral sites. Although cannabinoids have therapeutic potential, their psychoactive effects have largely limited their use in clinical practice. In this review, we briefly summarized our knowledge of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, focusing on the CB1R and the CNS, with emphasis on recent breakthroughs in the field. We aim to define several potential roles of cannabinoid receptors in the modulation of signaling pathways and in association with several pathophysiological conditions. We believe that the therapeutic significance of cannabinoids is masked by the adverse effects and here alternative strategies are discussed to take therapeutic advantage of cannabinoids.

| S-EPMC5877694 | biostudies-literature

Gene expression study in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) positive abdominal aortic aneurysms

Project description:This study aims at identifying genes involved in this metabolic activation potentially related to rupture. A genome-wide transcriptomic analysis was performed on biopsies collected from patients with a Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake both in the positive spot (A+Pos) and in a distant negative site of the same aneurysm (A+Neg). These paired biopsies were further compared to samples collected from (abdominal aortic aneurysms) AAA patients with no FDG uptake (A0) in order to discriminate biological alterations associated with FDG uptake, to detect new systemic biomarkers correlated with a higher risk of rupture and to identify new pathways involved in the progression and rupture of AAA).

2015-02-09 | E-MTAB-3175 | biostudies-arrayexpress

18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography marks MYC-overexpressing human basal-like breast cancers.

Project description:Fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is widely used as positron-emission-tomography (PET) radiotracer for the detection and staging of human cancer. Tumor uptake of FDG varies substantially between different cancer types and between patients with the same tumor type. The molecular basis for this heterogeneity is unknown. Using cancer cell lines and primary human tumors of distinct histologic origins, we here show that increased FDG uptake is universally associated with coordinate upregulation of genes within the glycolysis, pentose-phosphate, and other related metabolic pathways. In primary human breast cancers, this FDG signature shows significant overlap with established breast cancer signatures for the “basal-like” disease subtype and “poor prognosis”. FDG high breast cancer showed significantly more gene copy number alterations genome wide than FDG low cancers. About 50 % of primary breast cancers with high FDG uptake and FDG gene expression signature show DNA copy gain encompassing the c-myc gene locus and express gene sets regulated by the transcription factor MYC. Our data shows that FDG-PET marks a distinct subset of “basal-like” human breast cancer which is characterized by MYC and prognostically unfavorable gene expression signatures, suggesting that FDG-PET imaging may be useful to risk-stratify patients with locally advanced breast cancer.

2011-11-01 | GSE21217 | GEO

Novel Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Imaging Vascular Inflammation.

Project description:Purpose of reviewTo provide a focused update on recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases and consider future directions in the field.Recent findingsWhile PET imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) can provide a useful marker of disease activity in several vascular inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and large-vessel vasculitis, this tracer lacks inflammatory cell specificity and is not a practical solution for imaging the coronary vasculature because of avid background myocardial signal. To overcome these limitations, research is ongoing to identify novel PET tracers that can more accurately track individual components of vascular immune responses. Use of these novel PET tracers could lead to a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and help inform the identification and stratification of patients for newly emerging immune-modulatory therapies. Future research is needed to realise the true clinical translational value of PET imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases.

| S-EPMC7415747 | biostudies-literature

Imaging Cholinergic Receptors in the Brain by Positron Emission Tomography.

Project description:Cholinergic receptors represent a promising class of diagnostic and therapeutic targets due to their significant involvement in cognitive decline associated with neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cardiovascular impairment. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging tool that has helped to shed light on the roles these receptors play in disease development and their diverse functions throughout the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, there has been a notable advancement in the development of PET probes targeting cholinergic receptors. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the development of these PET probes for cholinergic receptors with a specific focus on ligand structure, radiochemistry, and pharmacology as well as in vivo performance and applications in neuroimaging. The review covers the structural design, pharmacological properties, radiosynthesis approaches, and preclinical and clinical evaluations of current state-of-the-art PET probes for cholinergic receptors.

| S-EPMC10461233 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data