Dataset Information

Adverse employment histories and health functioning: the CONSTANCES study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

With changing employment histories in European labour markets, occupational health research needs to be supplemented by an approach that integrates adverse characteristics of entire employment histories, in terms of precarious, discontinued and disadvantaged employment careers. We analyse associations of adverse employment histories and six measures of health functioning, including affective, physical and cognitive functioning.

Methods

We use baseline data from the CONSTANCES study with detailed retrospective data on previous employment histories that are linked to current health functioning among people aged 45-60?years (men?=?15?134; women?=?16?584). The following career characteristics are assessed (all referring to careers between ages 25 and 45?years): number of jobs with temporary contracts, number of job changes, number of unemployment periods, years out of work, mode occupational position and lack of job promotion. The measures of health functioning range from depressive symptoms, standing balance, walking speed, lung function, to verbal memory and semantic fluency.

Results

For both men and women, multilevel regressions (participant nested in health-examination centre) revealed that adverse employment histories are associated with poor health functioning later on, in particular persistent disadvantage in terms of low occupational position, repeated periods of unemployment and weak labour-market ties (years out of work). Findings remain consistent after excluding respondents who had a health-related career interruption or already retired before age 45?years and, additionally, after adjusting for age, partnership and education.

Conclusion

Findings call for increased intervention efforts among more disadvantaged groups of the labour market at early-career stages.

SUBMITTER: Wahrendorf M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6469298 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Adverse employment histories and health functioning: the CONSTANCES study.

Wahrendorf Morten M Hoven Hanno H Goldberg Marcel M Zins Marie M Siegrist Johannes J

International journal of epidemiology 20190401 2

<h4>Background</h4>With changing employment histories in European labour markets, occupational health research needs to be supplemented by an approach that integrates adverse characteristics of entire employment histories, in terms of precarious, discontinued and disadvantaged employment careers. We analyse associations of adverse employment histories and six measures of health functioning, including affective, physical and cognitive functioning.<h4>Methods</h4>We use baseline data from the CONS ...[more]

PMID: 30403783

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Project description:It is not well known how the timing of entry into paid employment and physical work exposures contribute to different health outcomes in young employees. Thus, we determined the associations of age at entry into paid employment and physical work exposures with general and mental health in young employees and determined whether associations differ by behavior-related risk factors. Data were collected via online and mailed surveys in autumn 2017 from employees of the City of Helsinki aged 18-39 years (n = 5897; 4630 women and 1267 men, response rate 51.5%). Surveys comprised measures of age at entry into paid employment, seven working conditions, behavior-related risk factors and health outcomes (self-rated health [SRH] and common mental disorders [CMD] as generic indicators of physical and mental health). Logistic regression analysis was used. After full adjustment, age at entry was not associated with the health outcomes; however, in additional analyses, younger age at first employment was associated with smoking and obesity (OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.34-3.85 and 1.67, 95% CI 1.32-2.11 for those started working at age of ?18 years, respectively). Of the working conditions, sitting and standing were positively associated with poor SRH and CMD and uncomfortable working postures with CMD. Working conditions were broadly similarly associated with health outcomes among those with and without behavior-related risk factors. Although we found little support for modification by behavior-related risk factors, overweight, obesity and smoking were associated with poor SRH and binge drinking and smoking with CMD. Additionally, moderate and high levels of leisure-time physical activity were inversely associated with poor SRH. In conclusion, early entry into paid employment appears not to associate to immediate poorer health in young employees, although it was associated with smoking and obesity even after full adjustment. Exposure to physically heavy work and uncomfortable working postures may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes.

Project description:IntroductionKidney failure negatively affects opportunities for work participation. Little is known about work functioning of employed CKD patients. This study investigates work-related outcomes, and examines associations between patient characteristics and employment status.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey study in nine nephrology outpatient clinics in the Netherlands among working age (18-67 years) CKD Stage G3b-G5, dialysis and transplant patients (n = 634; mean age 53.4 years (SD 10); 53% male; 47% Stage G3b-G5, 9% dialysis, 44% transplantation). We assessed employment status, work disability, work-related characteristics (i.e., work situation, working hours, job demands), work functioning (i.e., perceived ability to work, productivity loss, limitations in work), work environment (i.e., work accommodations, psychosocial work environment), as well as health status and fatigue.ResultsSixty-five percent were employed reporting moderate work ability. Of those, 21% received supplementary work disability benefits, 37% were severely fatigued, 7% expected to drop out of the workforce, and 49% experienced CKD-related work limitations. Work accommodations included reduced working hours, working at a slower pace, adjustment of work tasks or work schedule, and working from home. Multivariable analysis of sustained employment showed associations with younger age, male gender, higher level of education, better general and physical health and pre-emptive transplantation. Transplant patients had the highest work ability and highest expectation to maintain work. Dialysis patients had the highest productivity loss and perceived the most limitations regarding functioning in work. Stage G3b-G5 patients reported the lowest social support from colleagues and highest conflict in work and private life.ConclusionsEmployed CKD patients experience difficulties regarding functioning in work requiring adjustment of work or partial work disability. In addition to dialysis patients, stage G3b-G5 patients are vulnerable concerning sustained employment and work functioning.

Dataset Information

Adverse employment histories and health functioning: the CONSTANCES study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Adverse employment histories and health functioning: the CONSTANCES study.

Similar Datasets

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