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Prevalence of Hypertension, Treatment, and Blood Pressure Targets in Canada Associated With the 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines.


ABSTRACT:

Importance

The 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) blood pressure (BP) guidelines redefined hypertension using a BP threshold of 130/80 mm Hg or greater and applied a treatment target of less than 130/80 mm Hg.

Objective

To evaluate the potential change in the diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in a Canadian cohort of patients with hypertension attending primary care practices using the ACC/AHA guidelines.

Design, setting, and participants

This cross-sectional study used primary care practices across Canada electronic medical record data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network, extracted as of June 30, 2015. Adults with at least 1 primary care encounter in the previous 2 years (July 1, 2013, to June 30, 2015) were included in the study. Those with current hypertension were identified using a validated definition consisting of diagnoses, billing codes, and/or antihypertensive medication from within the primary care electronic medical record. Data analysis was conducted from December 2017 to July 2018.

Main outcomes and measures

Proportion of individuals with a diagnosis of hypertension, prescribed antihypertensive medication, and meeting treatment BP targets.

Results

Of the 594?492 Canadian participants included in the study, 144?348 (24.2%) had hypertension (45.6% male; mean [SD] age, 65.5 [14.5] years). On applying the ACC/AHA guidelines, 252?279 individuals (42.4%) were considered hypertensive and half (51.0%; 95% CI, 50.8%-51.2%) were prescribed an antihypertensive medication. Individuals who were not previously considered to have hypertension but were reclassified as having elevated BP using the lower cutoff of 130/80 mm Hg or greater tended to be younger and were at lower cardiovascular risk. There was a shift toward more individuals requiring antihypertensive treatment, particularly in the lower-risk categories. The crude prevalence of hypertension increased from 13.3% to 32.0% in those aged 18 to 64 years, and of those aged 65 years and older, 16.6% more individuals were reclassified as having hypertension (from 55.2% to 71.8%). Only 12.3% of those who were considered at high risk were reclassified as hypertensive.

Conclusions and relevance

Adoption of the ACC/AHA BP guidelines would result in a near doubling in the prevalence of hypertension in Canada. The changes would largely affect individuals who are younger and at low to moderate cardiovascular risk.

SUBMITTER: Garies S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6484648 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Prevalence of Hypertension, Treatment, and Blood Pressure Targets in Canada Associated With the 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines.

Garies Stephanie S   Hao Sylvia S   McBrien Kerry K   Williamson Tyler T   Peng Mingkai M   Khan Nadia A NA   Padwal Raj S RS   Quan Hude H   Leung Alexander A AA  

JAMA network open 20190301 3


<h4>Importance</h4>The 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) blood pressure (BP) guidelines redefined hypertension using a BP threshold of 130/80 mm Hg or greater and applied a treatment target of less than 130/80 mm Hg.<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate the potential change in the diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in a Canadian cohort of patients with hypertension attending primary care practices using the ACC/AHA guidelines.<h4>Design, setting,  ...[more]

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