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Copper-containing glass ceramic with high antimicrobial efficacy.

ABSTRACT: Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) and the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains are major threats to human health. Copper is well known for its high antimicrobial efficacy, including the ability to kill superbugs and the notorious ESKAPE group of pathogens. We sought a material that maintains the antimicrobial efficacy of copper while minimizing the downsides - cost, appearance and metallic properties - that limit application. Here we describe a copper-glass ceramic powder as an additive for antimicrobial surfaces; its mechanism is based on the controlled release of copper (I) ions (Cu1+) from cuprite nanocrystals that form in situ in the water labile phase of the biphasic glass ceramic. Latex paints containing copper-glass ceramic powder exhibit ?99.9% reduction in S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. aerogenes and E. Coli colony counts when evaluated by the US EPA test method for efficacy of copper-alloy surfaces as sanitizer, approaching that of benchmark metallic copper.

SUBMITTER: Gross TM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6491652 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Copper-containing glass ceramic with high antimicrobial efficacy.

Gross Timothy M TM Lahiri Joydeep J Golas Avantika A Luo Jian J Verrier Florence F Kurzejewski Jackie L JL Baker David E DE Wang Jie J Novak Paul F PF Snyder Michael J MJ

Nature communications 20190430 1

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) and the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains are major threats to human health. Copper is well known for its high antimicrobial efficacy, including the ability to kill superbugs and the notorious ESKAPE group of pathogens. We sought a material that maintains the antimicrobial efficacy of copper while minimizing the downsides - cost, appearance and metallic properties - that limit application. Here we describe a copper-glass ceramic powder as an additive f ...[more]

PMID: 31040286

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Project description:IntroductionChemical disinfection is state of the art in preventing spread of infectious agents in the healthcare setting. Additionally, the antimicrobial properties of solid copper alloy surfaces against various microorganisms have recently been substantiated. Thus, antimicrobially active copper surfaces may serve as an additional barrier against distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and be combined with chemical disinfection measures in the hospital. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate on a quantitative basis whether the combination of chemical disinfectants with copper alloy surfaces results in an overall compromised, combined or even synergistic antimicrobial efficacy.MethodsExperiments were carried out using the quantitative carrier test devised by the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology (DGHM) to study antimicrobial efficacy of chemical disinfectants. Requirements for microbicidal efficacy as defined by prEN 14885 were applied. The chemical disinfectants tested in our study contained alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol), quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride) and glutaraldehyde as actives. Quantitative carrier tests were carried out on different carriers (tiles, copper alloy discs, stainless steel discs) using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila and Candida albicans as test organisms.ResultsFor the alcohol-based disinfectant no difference in antimicrobial efficacy was observed when applied to antimicrobial active copper alloy carriers, tiles or stainless steel discs. For all test organisms microbial contamination was reduced to the detection limit of < 1 log (CFU/ml) within a contact time of 2 min indicating a ? 5 log reduction for the tested bacteria and a ? 4 log reduction for the yeast, as being requested for chemical disinfectants by prEN 14885. In order to elucidate a potential synergism the chemical disinfectant based on quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride) and glutaraldehyde was used at a sub-effective concentration. Hence, no complete reduction of microbial contamination was achieved on stainless steel or tile carriers for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Interestingly, when using copper alloy carriers complete reduction indicating a ? 5 log reduction for P. aeruginosa and a ? 4 log reduction for C. albicans was detected. Thus, data of this study indicates that solid copper alloy surfaces and disinfectants synergize.ConclusionsAccording to this data, commercially available disinfectants based on alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds and aldehyde can effectively be combined in a dual strategy with solid copper alloy surfaces to reduce microbial contamination.

Project description:The transmission of bacteria and respiratory viruses through expelled saliva microdroplets and aerosols is a significant concern for healthcare workers, further highlighted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To address this issue, the development of nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties for use as nanolayers in respiratory protection equipment, such as facemasks or respirators, has emerged as a potential solution. In this study, a silver and copper nanolayer called SakCu® was deposited on one side of a spun-bond polypropylene fabric using the magnetron sputtering technique. The antibacterial and antiviral activity of the AgCu nanolayer was evaluated against droplets falling on the material and aerosols passing through it. The effectiveness of the nanolayer was assessed by measuring viral loads of the enveloped virus SARS-CoV-2 and viability assays using respiratory surrogate viruses, including PaMx54, PaMx60, PaMx61 (ssRNA, Leviviridae), and PhiX174 (ssDNA, Microviridae) as representatives of non-enveloped viruses. Colony forming unit (CFU) determination was employed to evaluate the survival of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The results demonstrated a nearly exponential reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral load, achieving complete viral load reduction after 24 hours of contact incubation with the AgCu nanolayer. Viability assays with the surrogate viruses showed a significant reduction in viral replication between 2-4 hours after contact. The simulated viral filtration system demonstrated inhibition of viral replication ranging from 39% to 64%. The viability assays with PhiX174 exhibited a 2-log reduction in viral replication after 24 hours of contact and a 16.31% inhibition in viral filtration assays. Bacterial growth inhibition varied depending on the species, with reductions ranging from 70% to 92% for aerobic bacteria and over 90% for anaerobic strains. In conclusion, the AgCu nanolayer displayed high bactericidal and antiviral activity in contact and aerosol conditions. Therefore, it holds the potential for incorporation into personal protective equipment to effectively reduce and prevent the transmission of aerosol-borne pathogenic bacteria and respiratory viruses.

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Copper-containing glass ceramic with high antimicrobial efficacy.

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Copper-containing glass ceramic with high antimicrobial efficacy.

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