Family therapy approaches for anorexia nervosa.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fisher CA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6497182 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6517149 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveWe examined the preliminary acceptability and efficacy of family-based therapy (FBT) for weight restoration in young adults (FBTY) with Anorexia Nervosa (AN).MethodTwenty-two primarily female participants ranging from age 18 to 26, with AN or atypical AN (ICD-10) and their support adults were enrolled in a 6-month open trial of FBTY. Participants were assessed at baseline, after treatment, and at six and 12 month follow-up visits. The primary outcome was BMI and secondary outcomes included eating disorder psychopathology, current eating disorder obsessions, and compulsions, number of other Axis I disorders and global assessment of functioning.ResultsAlthough FBTY was rated as suitable by participants and their support adults, during FBTY, 9/22 participants dropped out and 3/22 dropped out at follow-up assessments. Despite being offered 18-20 sessions over six months, a mean of 12 FBTY sessions (SD = 6) were attended. After FBTY, 15 of the intent-to-treat sample of 22 were no longer underweight (BMIs ≥ 19 kg/m(2) ) and 12 months after treatment, 13/22 were no longer underweight. The magnitude of the BMI increase during FBTY (Hedges g = 1.20, 95th percentile CI = 0.55-1.85) was comparable to findings for adolescent FBT for AN. Secondary outcomes also improved.DiscussionFBTY for young adults with AN and atypical AN, which involves support adults participants have chosen, results in weight restoration that is sustained up to a year after treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:701-707).
| S-EPMC7350506 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder with an estimated heritability of around 70%. Although the largest genome-wide association study meta-analysis on AN identified independent loci-conferring risk to the disorder, the molecular mechanisms underlying the genetic basis of AN remains to be elucidated. To explore AN, we ran a transcriptome profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 15 AN subjects and 15 healthy controls. We validated our mean results in a mouse model of chronic food restriction mimicking several aspects of AN. Through this exploratory study we identified 673 significantly differentially expressed genes in AN. Among these genes, we identified the Vanin-1 (Vnn1) gene that appears to play a major role in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. We confirmed an underexpression of Vnn1, especially in the liver, in a mouse model of chronic food restriction. These results indicate that quantitative food restriction affects Vnn1 expression, suggesting that this gene may contribute to the anorexic phenotype in the chronic food restriction mouse model as well as in patients affected by AN. We believe that this report highlights promising candidate genes and gene pathways for AN and reveals Vnn1 as a biomarker that may be used as molecular targets to predict and/or to understand AN.
2023-10-31 | GSE245978 | GEO
Project description:As part of the Genetic Consortium for Anorexia Nervosa (GCAN) and Wellcome Trust Case
Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3), we have amassed the largest anorexia nervosa (AN)
sample in the world (~4,000). Following the WTCCC3 GWAS, we secured funding from the
Klarman Family Foundation to extend the genetic analyses to variants on the exome chip
(CoreExome array). This pre-lim relates to carrying out genotyping on the CoreExome array
on up to a maximum of 580 new samples.
| EGAS00001000913 | EGA
Project description:IntroductionMulti-family therapy (MFT) is a recommended treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa internationally. Despite recent significant advances in single-family therapy, the evidence base for MFT remains relatively small. Several individual and family factors have been associated with poorer outcomes in single-family therapy, many of which may be addressed or ameliorated by MFT if delivered early in treatment. This trial aims to determine the feasibility and acceptability of adding a five-day multi-family therapy group to the early stages of family therapy for anorexia nervosa. Secondary objectives are to explore effect size changes in key individual and family factors across treatment.MethodsThis feasibility trial will use a randomised controlled design. Sixty adolescents (age 10-17 inclusive) with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa and their parents will be recruited from a community-based specialist eating disorder service in London, UK. Participants will be randomly allocated to receive six months of eating disorder focussed family therapy with a five-day MFT group (experimental group) or without (control group). Block randomisation will be conducted by the King's Clinical Trials Unit and researchers will be blind to participants' intervention allocation. Feasibility, acceptability and secondary outcomes measures will be collected at baseline, post-MFT, end of treatment, six-month and 12-month follow-up. Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed according to trial sign-up rates, retention, measure completion rates and satisfaction. Secondary outcomes include physical health improvements, changes in psychiatric symptoms, emotion regulation and reflective function capacity, expressed emotion, parental difficulties and therapeutic alliance. Descriptive data and exploration analysis of trends and effect sizes will be reported upon at trial completion.DiscussionThe five-day MFT program developed for this study is novel, brief and more accessible than previous MFT models. The inclusion of a data collection point during treatment and follow-up will allow for an investigation of trends during and after treatment. This will allow exploration and comparison of future potential mediators and moderators of MFT and FT-AN outcomes and how these may differ between treatments.Trial registrationISRCTN registry; ISRCTN93437752 , on 27 January 2021.
| S-EPMC8206871 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Emotional availability (EA) is a complex construct describing the emotional bond between parents and child, and it refers to support, sensitivity, warmth and closeness. Few studies have investigated the perception of parental EA and its association with dysfunctional eating pattern. The aim of the study is to explore the perception of mothers' and fathers' EA of adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) and any differences between the two subtypes of binge-purge (B/P) or restrictive (R) AN. Furthermore, it investigates the association of parental EA with AN symptomatology and with patients' perception of family functioning, which is identified as a maintenance factor for AN. A total of 60 adolescents between 12 and 18 years and their parents (n = 120) were recruited in two eating disorder (ED) specialized care centers. Patients completed the LEAP and the FACES IV questionnaires evaluating parental EA and family functioning, respectively. Results showed no difference between AN subtypes, but a greater perception of mother when compared to father EA was found. Moreover, the EA construct was found not to be associated with ED symptomatology but with a greater positive family functioning. Our study is the first that explores EA in AN, and results suggest the importance of considering parents' emotional engagement as part of the treatment core, together with the eating symptomatology management.
| S-EPMC9819780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex debilitating disease characterized by intense fear of weight gain and excessive exercise. It is the deadliest of any psychiatric disorder with a high rate of recidivism, yet its pathophysiology is unclear. The Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) paradigm is a widely accepted mouse model of AN that recapitulates hypophagia and hyperactivity despite reduced body weight, however, not the chronicity. Here, we modified the prototypical ABA paradigm to increase the time to lose 25% of baseline body weight from less than 7 days to more than 2 weeks. We used this paradigm to identify persistently altered genes after weight restoration that represent a metabolic memory of under-nutrition and may contribute to AN relapse. We focused on adipose tissue as it was identified as a major location of metabolic memory of over-nutririon. We identified 300 persistently dysregulated genes, including Calm2 and Vps13d, which could be potential global regulators of metabolic memory in both chronic over- and under-nutrition. However, despite being on the opposite spectrum of weight perturbations, the majority of metabolic memory genes of under- and over-nutrition do not overlap, suggestive of the different mechanisms involved in these extreme nutritional statuses.
2023-08-23 | GSE229316 | GEO
Project description:ObjectiveAntidiuretic hormone (ADH) is involved in the response to stress and in depression and anxiety. However, studies on ADH in anorexia nervosa (AN) show conflicting results. A major reason for this may be methodological challenges due to short half-life of ADH in circulation and rapid degradation in vitro. To overcome these obstacles, copeptin, the C-terminal fragment stemming from the ADH precursor, has been increasingly used as a stable clinical measure for ADH. Furthermore, copeptin has been recognized as a biomarker of insulin resistance in obesity.MethodsWe measured fasting copeptin in plasma from 25 normohydrated, stable women with AN (BMI 13.0 ± 2.0) and 25 age-matched women.ResultsNo difference in copeptin levels was found (6.8 ± 1.8 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 pmol/L). Confirmatory, copeptin concentrations were correlated to insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.DiscussionWe report for the first time that copeptin level as a marker of ADH activity is not altered in fluid- and electrolyte-stabilized patients with severe AN patients, indicating that ADH may not be crucial in the pathophysiological involvement of psychologic stress in AN.
| S-EPMC7177552 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose of reviewGenetic factors contribute to the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge about the genetic etiology of AN, provides directions for future research, and discusses clinical implications for this research.Recent findingsCandidate gene meta-analyses indicate serotonin genes may be involved in the genetic etiology of AN. Three genome-wide association studies have been conducted and one genome-wide significant locus was identified. Cross-disorder analyses suggest shared genetic risk between AN and several psychiatric, educational, and medical phenotypes. Much has been learned about the genetic etiology of AN over the past 3 decades. However, to fully understand the genetic architecture, we must consider all aspects including common variation, cross-disorder analysis, rare variation, copy number variation, and gene-environment interplay. Findings have important implications for the development of treatment and prevention approaches and for how AN, and psychiatric and medical diseases in general, are conceptualized.
| S-EPMC6139670 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveAssess the effectiveness of physical therapy, including supervised physical exercise for body mass index (BMI) restoration; improving muscle strength and the psychological, behavioural, cognitive symptoms and quality of life in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodsA Systematic Review (SR) was conducted in the following scientific databases: Medline, PubMed, PEDro, PsychInfo, Cochrane Library plus, Nursing and Allied Health database, Scopus and Web of Science databases, from inception until November 2021. An assessment of the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence across studies was conducted. Articles were eligible if they followed randomized and non-randomized control trial designs with treatments based on physical therapy or exercise or physical activity in AN patients.Results496 records were screened, and after eligibility assessment, 6 studies from 8 articles were finally analysed. The studies, involving 176 AN patient (85.02% of patients), reported improvements in muscle strength, eating behaviour, eating attitude, mood and quality of life. Three studies included nutritional co-interventions and four studies included psychological therapy. None of the studies reported adverse effects.ConclusionsIn two of the RCTs included in this SR, strength training and high intensity resistance improved the muscle strength of patients with AN. In addition, in two RCTs, improvements were observed in patients' attitudes towards their bodies after basic body awareness therapy or after full body massage and instruction to relax. In addition, quality of life improved in two studies, with stretching, isometrics, endurance cardiovascular and muscular exercising.
| S-EPMC9653588 | biostudies-literature