Extreme response style bias in burn survivors.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ni P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6502351 | biostudies-literature | 2019
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10795569 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Several multidimensional item response models have been proposed for survey responses affected by response styles. Through simulation, this study compares three models designed to account for extreme response tendencies: the IRTree Model, the multidimensional nominal response model, and the modified generalized partial credit model. The modified generalized partial credit model results in the lowest item mean squared error (MSE) across simulation conditions of sample size (500, 1,000), survey length (10, 20), and number of response options (4, 6). The multidimensional nominal response model is equally suitable for surveys measuring one substantive trait using responses to 10 four-option, forced-choice Likert-type items. Based on data validation, comparison of item MSE, and posterior predictive model checking, the IRTree Model is hypothesized to account for additional sources of construct-irrelevant variance.
| S-EPMC6512164 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This paper presents a mixture item response tree (IRTree) model for extreme response style. Unlike traditional applications of single IRTree models, a mixture approach provides a way of representing the mixture of respondents following different underlying response processes (between individuals), as well as the uncertainty present at the individual level (within an individual). Simulation analyses reveal the potential of the mixture approach in identifying subgroups of respondents exhibiting response behavior reflective of different underlying response processes. Application to real data from the Students Like Learning Mathematics (SLM) scale of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 demonstrates the superior comparative fit of the mixture representation, as well as the consequences of applying the mixture on the estimation of content and response style traits. We argue that methodology applied to investigate response styles should attend to the inherent uncertainty of response style influence due to the likely influence of both response styles and the content trait on the selection of extreme response categories.
| S-EPMC7797955 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that survivors of acute burn trauma are at long-term increased risk of developing a range of morbidities. The mechanisms underlying this increased risk remain unknown. This study aimed to determine whether burn injury leads to sustained immune dysfunction that may underpin long-term morbidity. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 36 pediatric burn survivors >3 years after a non-severe burn injury (<10% total body surface area) and from age/sex-matched non-injured controls. Circulating cytokine and vaccine antibody levels were assessed using multiplex immunoassays and cell profiles compared using a panel of 40 metal-conjugated antibodies and mass cytometry. TNF-α (1.31-fold change from controls), IL-2 (1.18-fold), IL-7 (1.63-fold), and IFN-γ (1.18-fold) were all significantly elevated in the burn cohort. Additionally, burn survivors demonstrated diminished antibody responses to the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine antigens. Comparisons between groups using unsupervised clustering identified differences in proportions of clusters within T-cells, B-cells and myeloid cells. Manual gating confirmed increased memory T-regulatory and central memory CD4+ T-cells, with altered expression of T-cell, B-cell, and dendritic cell markers. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a lasting change to the immune profile of pediatric burn survivors, and highlights the need for further research into post-burn immune suppression and regulation.
| S-EPMC7385079 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study investigated the role of response style biases in the assessment of positive and negative affect in aging research; it addressed whether response styles (a) are associated with age-related changes in cognitive abilities, (b) lead to distorted conclusions about age differences in affect, and (c) reduce the convergent and predictive validity of affect measures in relation to health outcomes.MethodA multidimensional item response theory model was used to extract response styles from affect ratings provided by respondents to the psychosocial questionnaire (n = 6,295; aged 50-100 years) in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).ResultsThe likelihood of extreme response styles (disproportionate use of "not at all" and "very much" response categories) increased significantly with age, and this effect was mediated by age-related decreases in HRS cognitive test scores. Removing response styles from affect measures did not alter age patterns in positive and negative affect; however, it consistently enhanced the convergent validity (relationships with concurrent depression and mental health problems) and predictive validity (prospective relationships with hospital visits, physical illness onset) of the affect measures.DiscussionThe results support the importance of detecting and controlling response styles when studying self-reported affect in aging research.
| S-EPMC5926987 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: RNA-seq is a powerful technique for identifying and quantifying transcription and splicing events, both known and novel. However, given its recent development and the proliferation of library construction methods, understanding the bias it introduces is incomplete but critical to realizing its value. Results: We present a method, in vitro transcription sequencing (IVT-seq), for identifying and assessing the technical biases in RNA-seq library generation and sequencing at scale. We created a pool of over 1,000 in vitro transcribed RNAs from a full-length human cDNA library and sequenced them with polyA and total RNA-seq, the most common protocols. Because each cDNA is full length, and we show in vitro transcription is incredibly processive, each base in each transcript should be equivalently represented. However, with common RNA-seq applications and platforms, we find 50% of transcripts have more than two-fold and 10% have more than 10-fold differences in within-transcript sequence coverage. We also find greater than 6% of transcripts have regions of dramatically unpredictable sequencing coverage between samples, confounding accurate determination of their expression. We use a combination of experimental and computational approaches to show rRNA depletion is responsible for the most significant variability in coverage, and several sequence determinants also strongly influence representation. Conclusions: These results show the utility of IVT-seq for promoting better understanding of bias introduced by RNA-seq. We find rRNA depletion is responsible for substantial, unappreciated biases in coverage introduced during library preparation. These biases suggest exon-level expression analysis may be inadvisable, and we recommend caution when interpreting RNA-seq results.
2014-05-21 | GSE50445 | GEO
Project description:Background RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful technique for identifying and quantifying transcription and splicing events, both known and novel. However, given its recent development and the proliferation of library construction methods, understanding the bias it introduces is incomplete but critical to realizing its value. Results Here we present a method, in vitro transcription sequencing (IVT-seq), for identifying and assessing the technical biases in RNA-seq library generation and sequencing at scale. We created a pool of > 1000 in vitro transcribed (IVT) RNAs from a full-length human cDNA library and sequenced them with poly-A and total RNA-seq, the most common protocols. Because each cDNA is full length and we show IVT is incredibly processive, each base in each transcript should be equivalently represented. However, with common RNA-seq applications and platforms, we find ~50% of transcripts have > 2-fold and ~10% have > 10-fold differences in within-transcript sequence coverage. Strikingly, we also find > 6% of transcripts have regions of high, unpredictable sequencing coverage, where the same transcript varies dramatically in coverage between samples, confounding accurate determination of their expression. To get at causal factors, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to show that rRNA depletion is responsible for the most significant variability in coverage and that several sequence determinants also strongly influence representation. Conclusions In sum, these results show the utility of IVT-seq in promoting better understanding of bias introduced by RNA-seq and suggest caution in its interpretation. Furthermore, we find that rRNA-depletion is responsible for substantial, unappreciated biases in coverage. Perhaps most importantly, these coverage biases introduced during library preparation suggest exon level expression analysis may be inadvisable. 5 rRNA-depleted samples with duplicates, 1 polyA selected, 1 total RNA, and 1 plasmid library all without replicates.
2014-05-21 | E-GEOD-50445 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background and Objectives: After burns, social reintegration is a primary long-term objective. At the same time, substance-abuse disorders are more common in burn patients. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of substance abuse pre- and postburn as well as living situation and relationship status relative to patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients and Methods: Burn survivors treated as inpatients between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2019 were retrospectively identified. Collected clinical data included: age, gender, time since injury, burn extent (%TBSA), and substance abuse. Patient-reported living situation, relationship status, smoking habits, alcohol and drug consumption pre- and postburn as well as the SF-36 study were ascertained via telephone survey. Inductive statistical analysis comprised uni- and multivariate testing. A p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 128 patients, 93 (72.7%) men, with a mean age of 40.0 ± 15.7 years were included. Mean TBSA was 9.2 ± 11.0% and significantly lower in women (p = 0.005). General health SF-36 scores were significantly lower in women (67.6 ± 29.8) than men (86.0 ± 20.8, p = 0.002). Smoking decreased from 38.8% pre- to 31.1% postburn. A significant reduction in alcohol consumption was noted over time (p = 0.019). The rate of never-drinkers was 18.0% pre- and 27.3% postburn. Drug abuse was rare both pre- (7.8%) and postburn (5.3%). Living situation remained stable. None of the participants depended on assisted living or lived in a care facility postburn. In total, 75.8% and 67.2% were in a relationship pre- and postburn. Patients with higher alcohol consumption postburn were significantly more often male (p = 0.013) and had higher SF-36 general health scores (p < 0.001). Conclusions: HRQoL is better in men than in women after burn injury. A slight decrease in substance abuse postburn was noted. The connection between HRQoL and substance abuse after burn injuries needs to be investigated further in the future.
| S-EPMC9147374 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Long-term burn survivors have reduced aerobic capacity, placing them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. However, the exact mechanism contributing to a reduced aerobic capacity remains incompletely understood, but may be related to adverse cardiovascular remodeling. Therefore, it was hypothesized that well-healed burn survivors would exhibit adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling and impaired LV function. To test this hypothesis, 22 well-healed moderately burned individuals (age: 41 ± 14 years; BMI: 27.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2; male/female: 12/10; extent of burn: 37 ± 12 %BSA), 11 well-healed severely burned individuals (age: 43 ± 12 years; BMI: 29.5 ± 5.8 kg/m2; male/female: 8/3; extent of burn: 73 ± 11 %BSA), and 12 healthy, age-matched controls (age: 34 ± 9 years; BMI: 28.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2; male/female: 5/7) were enrolled in the study. All subjects were sedentary, performing less than 30 minutes of aerobic exercise per day, 3 days per week. LV morphology and function were assessed via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to the hypothesis, neither the presence nor severity of burn injury adversely affected LV morphology or function, when compared with equally sedentary nonburned controls. However, of note, LV mass of all three groups was in the lowest 5th percentile compared with normative values. Finally, group differences in LV morphology were largely explained by differences in aerobic capacity. Taken together, these data suggest a prior burn injury itself does not result in pathological remodeling of the LV and support a role for aerobic exercise training to improve cardiac function.
| S-EPMC6382409 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Alcohol and illicit drug use are common among burn-injured patients. Urine toxicology and alcohol screens are a part of our admission order sets and automatically ordered for all adult patients. Our objective was to determine the impact of bias in screening compliance and compare those results to patients who test positive. All adult patients admitted between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify potential predictors for compliance in obtaining samples for screens, and patient characteristics associated with testing positive. Four thousand nine hundred ninety-eight patients were included in the study. The biggest predictors for compliance in obtaining samples for screens were inhalation injury, intensive care unit stay, length of stay, burn size, and current smoking status. No differences in compliance with screens were seen across age, race, or ethnicity. Current smokers and patients with a history of major psychiatric illness were more likely to test positive for alcohol and illicit drugs. Non-Hispanic Black patients were more likely to test positive for illicit drugs. Male sex and pre-existing psychiatric conditions were significant predictors for compliance for alcohol screens, and, positive tests. Implicit bias based on age, race, or ethnicity played no predictive role in compliance for either screen, however, non-Hispanic Blacks were more likely to test positive for illicit drugs. More studies are needed to understand the effect of selection bias related to sample collection, and the significance of positive test results.
| S-EPMC7486561 | biostudies-literature