Dataset Information

Norovirus Infections and Disease in Lower-MiddleandLow-Income Countries, 1997?2018.

ABSTRACT: Noroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis. The burden of the norovirus in lowresourcesettings is not well-established due to limited data. This study reviews the norovirusprevalence, epidemiology, and genotype diversity in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) andin low-income countries (LIC). PubMed was searched up to 14 January 2019 for norovirus studiesfrom all LIC and LMIC (World Bank Classification). Studies that tested gastroenteritis cases and/orasymptomatic controls for norovirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)were included. Sixty-four studies, the majority on children <5 years of age, were identified, and 14%(95% confidence interval; CI 14-15, 5158/36,288) of the gastroenteritis patients and 8% (95% CI 7-9,423/5310) of healthy controls tested positive for norovirus. In LMIC, norovirus was detected in 15%(95% CI 15-16) of cases and 8% (95% CI 8-10) of healthy controls. In LIC, 11% (95% CI 10-12) ofsymptomatic cases and 9% (95% CI 8-10) of asymptomatic controls were norovirus positive.Norovirus genogroup II predominated overall. GII.4 was the predominant genotype in all settings,followed by GII.3 and GII.6. The most prevalent GI strain was GI.3. Norovirus causes a significantamount of gastroenteritis in low-resource countries, albeit with high levels of asymptomaticinfection in LIC and a high prevalence of coinfections.

SUBMITTER: Mans J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6521228 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Norovirus Infections and Disease in Lower-MiddleandLow-Income Countries, 1997⁻2018.

Mans Janet J

Viruses 20190410 4

Noroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis. The burden of the norovirus in lowresourcesettings is not well-established due to limited data. This study reviews the norovirusprevalence, epidemiology, and genotype diversity in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) andin low-income countries (LIC). PubMed was searched up to 14 January 2019 for norovirus studiesfrom all LIC and LMIC (World Bank Classification). Studies that tested gastroenteritis cases and/orasymptomatic controls for norov ...[more]

PMID: 30974898

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundMaternal mortality is a public health problem that disproportionately affects low and lower-middle income countries (LMICs). Appropriate data sources are lacking to effectively track maternal mortality and monitor changes in this health indicator over time.MethodsWe analyzed data from women enrolled in the NICHD Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) from 2010 through 2018. Women delivering within research sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India (Nagpur and Belagavi), Kenya, Pakistan, and Zambia are included. We evaluated maternal and delivery characteristics using log-binomial models and multivariable models to obtain relative risk estimates for mortality. We used running averages to track maternal mortality ratio (MMR, maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) over time.ResultsWe evaluated 571,321 pregnancies and 842 maternal deaths. We observed an MMR of 157 / 100,000 live births (95% CI 147, 167) across all sites, with a range of MMRs from 97 (76, 118) in the Guatemala site to 327 (293, 361) in the Pakistan site. When adjusted for maternal risk factors, risks of maternal mortality were higher with maternal age > 35 (RR 1.43 (1.06, 1.92)), no maternal education (RR 3.40 (2.08, 5.55)), lower education (RR 2.46 (1.54, 3.94)), nulliparity (RR 1.24 (1.01, 1.52)) and parity > 2 (RR 1.48 (1.15, 1.89)). Increased risk of maternal mortality was also associated with occurrence of obstructed labor (RR 1.58 (1.14, 2.19)), severe antepartum hemorrhage (RR 2.59 (1.83, 3.66)) and hypertensive disorders (RR 6.87 (5.05, 9.34)). Before and after adjusting for other characteristics, physician attendance at delivery, delivery in hospital and Caesarean delivery were associated with increased risk. We observed variable changes over time in the MMR within sites.ConclusionsThe MNHR is a useful tool for tracking MMRs in these LMICs. We identified maternal and delivery characteristics associated with increased risk of death, some might be confounded by indication. Despite declines in MMR in some sites, all sites had an MMR higher than the Sustainable Development Goals target of below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.Trial registrationThe MNHR is registered at NCT01073475 .

Project description:BackgroundNon-communicable diseases are the leading global cause of death and disproportionately afflict those living in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). The association between socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors is well established in high-income countries, but it is not clear how behavioural risk factors are distributed within LLMICs. We aimed to systematically review evidence on the association between socioeconomic status and harmful use of alcohol, tobacco use, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity within LLMICs.MethodsWe searched 13 electronic databases, including Embase and MEDLINE, grey literature, and reference lists for primary research published between Jan 1, 1990, and June 30, 2015. We included studies from LLMICs presenting data on multiple measures of socioeconomic status and tobacco use, alcohol use, diet, and physical activity. No age or language restrictions were applied. We excluded studies that did not allow comparison between more or less advantaged groups. We used a piloted version of the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group data collection checklist to extract relevant data at the household and individual level from the included full text studies including study type, methods, outcomes, and results. Due to high heterogeneity, we used a narrative approach for data synthesis. We used descriptive statistics to assess whether the prevalence of each risk factor varied significantly between members of different socioeconomic groups. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42015026604.FindingsAfter reviewing 4242 records, 75 studies met our inclusion criteria, representing 2 135 314 individuals older than 10 years from 39 LLMICs. Low socioeconomic groups were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use than did high socioeconomic groups. These groups also consumed less fruit, vegetables, fish, and fibre than those of high socioeconomic status. High socioeconomic groups were found to be less physically active and consume more fats, salt, and processed food than individuals of low socioeconomic status. While the included studies presented clear patterns for tobacco use and physical activity, heterogeneity between dietary outcome measures and a paucity of evidence around harmful alcohol use limit the certainty of these findings.InterpretationDespite significant heterogeneity in exposure and outcome measures, clear evidence shows that the burden of behavioural risk factors is affected by socioeconomic position within LLMICs. Governments seeking to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.4-reducing premature non-communicable disease mortality by a third by 2030-should leverage their development budgets to address the poverty-health nexus in these settings. Our findings also have significance for health workers serving these populations and policy makers tasked with preventing and controlling the rise of non-communicable diseases.FundingWHO.

Dataset Information

Norovirus Infections and Disease in Lower-MiddleandLow-Income Countries, 1997?2018.

Publications

Norovirus Infections and Disease in Lower-MiddleandLow-Income Countries, 1997⁻2018.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure