Dataset Information

Serotonin Regulates the Feeding and Reproductive Behaviors of Pratylenchus penetrans.

ABSTRACT: The success of all plant-parasitic nematodes is dependent on the completion of several complex behaviors. The lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans is an economically important parasite of a diverse range of plant hosts. Unlike the cyst and root-knot nematodes, P. penetrans moves both within and outside of the host roots and can feed from both locations. Adult females of P. penetrans require insemination by actively moving males for reproduction and can lay eggs both within and outside of the host roots. We do not have a complete understanding of the molecular basis for these behaviors. One candidate modulator of these behaviors is the neurotransmitter serotonin. Previous research demonstrated an effect of exogenously applied serotonin on the feeding and male mating behaviors of cyst and root-knot nematodes. However, there are no data on the role of exogenous serotonin on lesion nematodes. Similarly, there are no data on the presence and function of endogenous serotonin in any plant-parasitic nematode. Here, we establish that exogenous serotonin applied to P. penetrans regulates both feeding and sex-specific behaviors. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry and pharmacological assays, our data suggest that P. penetrans utilizes endogenous serotonin to regulate both feeding and sex-specific behaviors.

SUBMITTER: Han Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6525625 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Serotonin Regulates the Feeding and Reproductive Behaviors of Pratylenchus penetrans.

Han Ziduan Z Boas Stephanie S Schroeder Nathan E NE

Phytopathology 20170526 7

The success of all plant-parasitic nematodes is dependent on the completion of several complex behaviors. The lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans is an economically important parasite of a diverse range of plant hosts. Unlike the cyst and root-knot nematodes, P. penetrans moves both within and outside of the host roots and can feed from both locations. Adult females of P. penetrans require insemination by actively moving males for reproduction and can lay eggs both within and outside of the h ...[more]

PMID: 28398877

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Project description:Sweet cherry growers are increasingly using semi-dwarfing rootstocks, including the Gisela® series, when replanting orchards. Little is known of the susceptibility of these new cherry rootstocks to Pratylenchus penetrans, a recognized pest of temperate fruit trees worldwide. Two field experiments were planted in 2010, one in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and one in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia. Each experiment was a factorial combination of three rootstocks (Gi.3, Gi.5, and Gi.6) × three training systems, with six replicate four-tree plots of each of the nine combinations. Both sites were fumigated prior to planting and population densities of P. penetrans in roots and root-zone soil were subsequently monitored from 2013 through 2017. None of the P. penetrans population parameters (nematodes/kg soil, nematodes/g fine root, and nematodes/kg soil including roots) differed among rootstocks at either site, suggesting that the rootstocks did not differ in their ability to host P. penetrans. At the British Columbia site only there was an inverse relationship between P. penetrans population densities and tree size for Gi.3 trees in four years and for Gi.6 in 2017, suggesting that Gi.3 rootstock is less tolerant than Gi.5 and Gi.6 rootstocks.Sweet cherry growers are increasingly using semi-dwarfing rootstocks, including the Gisela® series, when replanting orchards. Little is known of the susceptibility of these new cherry rootstocks to Pratylenchus penetrans, a recognized pest of temperate fruit trees worldwide. Two field experiments were planted in 2010, one in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and one in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia. Each experiment was a factorial combination of three rootstocks (Gi.3, Gi.5, and Gi.6) × three training systems, with six replicate four-tree plots of each of the nine combinations. Both sites were fumigated prior to planting and population densities of P. penetrans in roots and root-zone soil were subsequently monitored from 2013 through 2017. None of the P. penetrans population parameters (nematodes/kg soil, nematodes/g fine root, and nematodes/kg soil including roots) differed among rootstocks at either site, suggesting that the rootstocks did not differ in their ability to host P. penetrans. At the British Columbia site only there was an inverse relationship between P. penetrans population densities and tree size for Gi.3 trees in four years and for Gi.6 in 2017, suggesting that Gi.3 rootstock is less tolerant than Gi.5 and Gi.6 rootstocks.

Project description:Pratylenchus penetrans is a common and important agricultural pest in Wisconsin, a USA state with a diverse agriculture. We compared populations from around the state to each other and to data published for populations around the world to gain insight on the variability of features important for identification of this cosmopolitan species. Thirteen isolates from samples collected in soybean fields in ten Wisconsin counties were established in monoxenic cultures. Analysis of morphological features revealed the least variable feature for all isolates collectively was vulva percentage. Features less variable within than among isolates were body width, lip region height, and stylet length. Some isolates showed only the smooth tail tip phenotype and others had a mix of smooth and annulated tail phenotypes. A suite of features provided sufficient pattern to group isolates into four clusters according to hierarchical agglomerative clustering and canonical discriminative analyses, but not with enough distinction to be useful for classification. Haplotype analysis based on the COI mitochondrial gene of the 13 cultured isolates, 39 Wisconsin field populations, and published sequences representing five additional USA states and six countries revealed 21 haplotypes, 15 of which occurred in Wisconsin. Ten haplotypes represented in Wisconsin were shared with populations from Europe, South America, Africa, or Asia. Five haplotypes were unique to Wisconsin, six were unique to The Netherlands, and one was unique to Japan suggesting that even more COI diversity will be revealed when more COI sequences for P. penetrans become available. The maximum pairwise sequence variation was 6% and the SNPs did not alter amino acids, indicating cryptic biodiversity within the species worldwide. The cosmopolitan to localized scale of distribution of COI haplotypes could be due to frequent and ongoing dispersal events, facilitated by life history traits and the broad host range of P. penetrans. Regions of diverse agriculture, like Wisconsin, show promise for studying this important pest and our study confirms the utility of the COI mtDNA gene for studying variation within a species.

Dataset Information

Serotonin Regulates the Feeding and Reproductive Behaviors of Pratylenchus penetrans.

Publications

Serotonin Regulates the Feeding and Reproductive Behaviors of Pratylenchus penetrans.

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