Dataset Information

Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of yellow leaf coloration in Populus deltoides Marsh.

ABSTRACT: Populus deltoides Marsh has high ornamental value because its leaves remain yellow during the non-dormant period. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of leaf coloration in P. deltoides Marsh. Thus, we analyzed the physiological and transcriptional differences of yellow leaves (mutant) and green leaves (wild-type) of P. deltoides Marsh. Physiological experiments showed that the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid were lower in mutant leaves, and the flavonoid content did not differ significantly between mutant and wild-type leaves. Transcriptomic sequencing was further used to identify 153 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional classifications based on Gene Ontology enrichment and Genome enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were involved in Chl biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Among these, geranylgeranyl diphosphate (CHLP) genes associated with Chl biosynthesis showed down-regulation, while chlorophyllase (CLH) genes associated with Chl degradation were up-regulated in yellow leaves. The expression levels of these genes were further confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the estimation of the main precursors of Chl confirmed that CHLP is a vital enzyme for the yellow leaf color phenotype. Consequently, the formation of yellow leaf color is due to the disruption of Chl synthesis or catabolism rather than flavonoid synthesis. These results contribute to our understanding of mechanisms and regulation of leaf color variation in poplar at the transcriptional level.

SUBMITTER: Zhang S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6529213 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of yellow leaf coloration in Populus deltoides Marsh.

Zhang Shuzhen S Wu Xiaolu X Cui Jie J Zhang Fan F Wan Xueqin X Liu Qinglin Q Zhong Yu Y Lin Tiantian T

PloS one 20190521 5

Populus deltoides Marsh has high ornamental value because its leaves remain yellow during the non-dormant period. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of leaf coloration in P. deltoides Marsh. Thus, we analyzed the physiological and transcriptional differences of yellow leaves (mutant) and green leaves (wild-type) of P. deltoides Marsh. Physiological experiments showed that the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid were lower in mutant leaves, and the flavonoid content ...[more]

PMID: 31112574

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Project description:BackgroundNitrogen (N) is one of the main factors limiting the wood yield in poplar cultivation. Understanding the molecular mechanism of N utilization could play a guiding role in improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of poplar.ResultsIn this study, three N-efficient genotypes (A1-A3) and three N-inefficient genotypes (C1-C3) of Populus deltoides were cultured under low N stress (5 μM NH4NO3) and normal N supply (750 μM NH4NO3). The dry matter mass, leaf morphology, and chlorophyll content of both genotypes decreased under N starvation. The low nitrogen adaptation coefficients of the leaves and stems biomass of group A were significantly higher than those of group C (p < 0.05). Interestingly, N starvation induced fine root growth in group A, but not in group C. Next, a detailed time-course analysis of enzyme activities and gene expression in leaves identified 2062 specifically differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in group A and 1118 in group C. Moreover, the sensitivity to N starvation of group A was weak, and DEGs related to hormone signal transduction and stimulus response played an important role in the low N response this group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified genes related to membranes, catalytic activity, enzymatic activity, and response to stresses that might be critical for poplar's adaption to N starvation and these genes participated in the negative regulation of various biological processes. Finally, ten influential hub genes and twelve transcription factors were identified in the response to N starvation. Among them, four hub genes were related to programmed cell death and the defense response, and PodelWRKY18, with high connectivity, was involved in plant signal transduction. The expression of hub genes increased gradually with the extension of low N stress time, and the expression changes in group A were more obvious than those in group C.ConclusionsUnder N starvation, group A showed stronger adaptability and better NUE than group C in terms of morphology and physiology. The discovery of hub genes and transcription factors might provide new information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of NUE and its improvement in poplar.

Project description:One of the major barriers to the development of lignocellulosic feedstocks is the recalcitrance of plant cell walls to deconstruction and saccharification. Recalcitrance can be reduced by targeting genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, but this can have unintended consequences that compromise the agronomic performance of the trees under field conditions. Here we report the results of a field trial of fourteen distinct transgenic Populus deltoides lines that had previously demonstrated reduced recalcitrance without yield penalties under greenhouse conditions.Survival and productivity of the trial were excellent in the first year, and there was little evidence for reduced performance of the transgenic lines with modified target gene expression. Surprisingly, the most striking phenotypic effects in this trial were for two empty-vector control lines that had modified bud set and bud flush. This is most likely due to somaclonal variation or insertional mutagenesis. Traits related to yield, crown architecture, herbivory, pathogen response, and frost damage showed few significant differences between target gene transgenics and empty vector controls. However, there were a few interesting exceptions. Lines overexpressing the DUF231 gene, a putative O-acetyltransferase, showed early bud flush and marginally increased height growth. Lines overexpressing the DUF266 gene, a putative glycosyltransferase, had significantly decreased stem internode length and slightly higher volume index. Finally, lines overexpressing the PFD2 gene, a putative member of the prefoldin complex, had a slightly reduced volume index.This field trial demonstrates that these cell wall modifications, which decreased cell wall recalcitrance under laboratory conditions, did not seriously compromise first-year performance in the field, despite substantial challenges, including an outbreak of a stem boring insect (Gypsonoma haimbachiana), attack by a leaf rust pathogen (Melampsora spp.), and a late frost event. This bodes well for the potential utility of these lines as advanced biofuels feedstocks.

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Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of yellow leaf coloration in Populus deltoides Marsh.

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Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of yellow leaf coloration in Populus deltoides Marsh.

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