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Alpha-synuclein suppresses mitochondrial protease ClpP to trigger mitochondrial oxidative damage and neurotoxicity.

ABSTRACT: Both ?-Synuclein (?Syn) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although studies suggest that ?Syn and its missense mutant, A53T, preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, the mechanisms by which ?Syn and mitochondrial proteins regulate each other to trigger mitochondrial and neuronal toxicity are poorly understood. ATP-dependent Clp protease (ClpP), a mitochondrial matrix protease, plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial protein turnover and bioenergetics activity. Here, we show that the protein level of ClpP is selectively decreased in ?Syn-expressing cell culture and neurons derived from iPS cells of PD patient carrying ?Syn A53T mutant, and in dopaminergic (DA) neurons of ?Syn A53T mice and PD patient postmortem brains. Deficiency in ClpP induces an overload of mitochondrial misfolded/unfolded proteins, suppresses mitochondrial respiratory activity, increases mitochondrial oxidative damage and causes cell death. Overexpression of ClpP reduces ?Syn-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress through enhancing the level of Superoxide Dismutase-2 (SOD2), and suppresses the accumulation of ?Syn S129 phosphorylation and promotes neuronal morphology in neurons derived from PD patient iPS cells carrying ?Syn A53T mutant. Moreover, we find that ?Syn WT and A53T mutant interact with ClpP and suppress its peptidase activity. The binding of ?Syn to ClpP further promotes a distribution of ClpP from soluble to insoluble cellular fraction in vitro and in vivo, leading to reduced solubility of ClpP. Compensating for the loss of ClpP in the substantia nigra of ?Syn A53T mice by viral expression of ClpP suppresses mitochondrial oxidative damage, and reduces ?Syn pathology and behavioral deficits of mice. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism underlying ?Syn-induced neuronal pathology, and they suggest that ClpP might be a useful therapeutic target for PD and other synucleinopathies.

SUBMITTER: Hu D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6531426 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Alpha-synuclein suppresses mitochondrial protease ClpP to trigger mitochondrial oxidative damage and neurotoxicity.

Hu Di D Sun Xiaoyan X Liao Xudong X Zhang Xinwen X Zarabi Sara S Schimmer Aaron A Hong Yuning Y Ford Christopher C Luo Yu Y Qi Xin X

Acta neuropathologica 20190315 6

Both α-Synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although studies suggest that αSyn and its missense mutant, A53T, preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, the mechanisms by which αSyn and mitochondrial proteins regulate each other to trigger mitochondrial and neuronal toxicity are poorly understood. ATP-dependent Clp protease (ClpP), a mitochondrial matrix protease, plays an important role in regulating m ...[more]

PMID: 30877431

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Project description:The peptidase ClpP is conserved from bacteria to human. In the mitochondrial matrix, it multimerizes and forms a macromolecular proteasome-like cylinder. Because of its known relevance for the mitochondrial unfolded protein response during cell stress, we characterized two ClpP knock-out mouse founder lines and documented similar phenotypes. Ubiquitously, ClpP absence led to accumulation of its interactor protein ClpX without transcript upregulation. Interestingly, most wild-type tissues with substantial ClpP amounts had no detectable ClpX. This inverse correlation suggests that ClpX levels and degradation are regulated by ClpP. The expectation of similar protein levels, in view of a reported association of heptameric ClpP rings with hexameric ClpX rings, was confirmed only in testis of wild-type animals. Germline tissue was exceptional also in its vulnerability to ClpP deletion, with both founder lines showing complete infertility for males and females. Otherwise, ubiquitous mitochondrial dysfunction was apparent from severe growth retardation and reduced spontaneous motor activity of the animals, and from a pronounced decrease in pre-/postnatal survival. Spermatogenesis was found aborted at the spermatid stage, acrosomes and axonemes were not formed. Overall, tissue-specific roles of ClpP were evident by this massive effect for germ cells, mild bioenergetic deficits in muscle and liver tissues, and excellent compensation in brain. ClpX was previously reported to chaperone unfolded proteins and also DNA condensation in mitochondria, so it is likely that this pathway is particularly susceptible in germ cells. In conclusion, our study indicates that the role of ClpP in quality control is indispensable during development for cells with rapid changes of mitochondrial numbers, and is relevant during aging for growth and survival of the organism. Factorial design comparing ClpP knock-out mice with wild type littermates in five different tissues (brain, testis, liver, skeletal and heart muscle)

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Alpha-synuclein suppresses mitochondrial protease ClpP to trigger mitochondrial oxidative damage and neurotoxicity.

Publications

Alpha-synuclein suppresses mitochondrial protease ClpP to trigger mitochondrial oxidative damage and neurotoxicity.

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