Dataset Information

Thermal Benefits From White Variegation of Silybum marianum Leaves.

ABSTRACT: Leaves of the spiny winter annual Silybum marianum express white patches (variegation) that can cover significant surface areas, the outcome of air spaces formed between the epidermis and the green chlorenchyma. We asked: (1) what characterizes the white patches in S. marianum and what differs them from green patches? (2) Do white patches differ from green patches in photosynthetic efficiency under lower temperatures? We predicted that the air spaces in white patches have physiological benefits, elevating photosynthetic rates under low temperatures. To test our hypotheses we used both a variegated wild type and entirely green mutants. We grew the plants under moderate temperatures (20°C/10°C d/n) and compared them to plants grown under lower temperatures (15°C/5°C d/n). The developed plants were exposed to different temperatures for 1 h and their photosynthetic activity was measured. In addition, we compared in green vs. white patches, the reflectance spectra, patch structure, chlorophyll and dehydrin content, stomatal structure, plant growth, and leaf temperature. White patches were not significantly different from green patches in their biochemistry and photosynthesis. However, under lower temperatures, variegated wild-type leaves were significantly warmer than all-green mutants - possible explanations for that are discussed These findings support our hypothesis, that white variegation of S. marianum leaves has a physiological role, elevating leaf temperature during cold winter days.

SUBMITTER: Shelef O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6543541 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Thermal Benefits From White Variegation of Silybum marianum Leaves.

Shelef Oren O Summerfield Liron L Lev-Yadun Simcha S Villamarin-Cortez Santiago S Sadeh Roy R Herrmann Ittai I Rachmilevitch Shimon S

Frontiers in plant science 20190524

Leaves of the spiny winter annual Silybum marianum express white patches (variegation) that can cover significant surface areas, the outcome of air spaces formed between the epidermis and the green chlorenchyma. We asked: (1) what characterizes the white patches in S. marianum and what differs them from green patches? (2) Do white patches differ from green patches in photosynthetic efficiency under lower temperatures? We predicted that the air spaces in white patches have physiolog ...[more]

PMID: 31178888

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Project description:The glucose oligosaccharide-derived cyclodextrins (CDs) are used for improving bioactive compound production in plant cell cultures because, in addition to their elicitation activity, CDs promote product removal from cells. However, despite these advantages, the industrial application of CDs is hampered by their high market price. A strategy to overcome this constraint was recently tested, in which reusable CD polymers coated with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were harnessed in Vitis vinifera cell cultures to produce t-resveratrol (t-R). In this study, we applied hydroxypropyl-β-CDs (HPCD) and HPCDs coated with magnetic nanoparticles (HPCD-EPI-MN) in methyl jasmonate (MJ)-treated transgenic Silybum marianum cultures ectopically expressing either a stilbene synthase gene (STS) or a chalcone synthase gene (CHS), and compared their effects on the yields of t-R and naringenin (Ng), respectively. HPCD-EPI-MN at 15 g/L stimulated the accumulation of metabolites in the culture medium of the corresponding transgenic cell lines, with up to 4 mg/L of t-R and 3 mg/L of Ng released after 3 days. Similar amounts were produced in cultures treated with HPCD. Concentrations higher than 15 g/L of HPCD-EPI-MN and prolonged incubation periods negatively affected cell growth and viability in both transgenic cell lines. Reutilization of HPCD-EPI-MN was possible in three elicitation cycles (72 h each), after which the polymer retained 25-30% of its initial efficiency, indicating good stability and reusability. Due to their capacity to adsorb metabolites and their recyclability, the application of magnetic CD polymers may reduce the costs of establishing efficient secondary metabolite production systems on a commercial scale. KEY POINTS: • Long-term transgenic S. marianum suspensions stably produce transgene products • t-R and Ng accumulated extracellularly in cultures elicited with HPCD and HPCD-EPI-MN • The recyclability of HPCD-EPI-MN for metabolite production was proven.

Dataset Information

Thermal Benefits From White Variegation of Silybum marianum Leaves.

Publications

Thermal Benefits From White Variegation of <i>Silybum marianum</i> Leaves.

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