Draft Genome Sequences of Helcococcus ovis Strains Isolated at Time of Metritis Diagnosis from the Uterus of Holstein Dairy Cows.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cunha F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6544189 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Draft Genome Sequences of Helcococcus ovis Strains Isolated at Time of Metritis Diagnosis from the Uterus of Holstein Dairy Cows.
Cunha Federico F Jeon Soo Jin SJ Kutzer Peter P Jeong KwangCheol Casey KC Galvão Klibs N KN
Microbiology resource announcements 20190530 22
<i>Helcococcus ovis</i> is an emerging pathogen implicated in the pathogenesis of metritis in dairy cows. Herein, we report the first draft genome sequences of four <i>Helcococcus ovis</i> isolates from the uterus of dairy cows with metritis. This information will enable a better understanding of the bacterium's pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Bacteroides pyogenes is found in the human and animal gut and is implicated in the pathogenesis of metritis in cows. We report the draft genome sequences of four Bacteroides pyogenes isolates obtained from the uterus of metritic cows. This will increase the understanding of its pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance, and differentiation across hosts.
| S-EPMC6787326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A commensal in the gastrointestinal tract, Fusobacterium necrophorum is involved in the pathogenicity of abscesses, foot rot, and metritis in cattle. Here, we present the draft genomes of two Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates from the uterus of dairy cows with metritis to allow for future comparative genome studies.
| S-EPMC6486245 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDisturbed uterine involution impairs ovarian function in the first weeks after calving. This study analyzed the long-term effect of metritis on luteal function of 47 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows during the first four postpartum estrous cycles. Cows with abnormal uterine enlargement and malodorous lochia were classified as having metritis (group M, n = 18), and all others were considered healthy (group H, n = 29). Luteal size was measured once between days 9 and 13 of the first (group H, n = 11; group M, n = 12), second (group H, n = 23; group M, n = 18) and fourth (group H, n = 11; group M, n = 7) postpartum luteal phases. Serum progesterone concentration was measured at the same time. Sixteen cows (group H, n = 9; group M, n = 7) underwent transvaginal luteal biopsy for gene expression analysis of steroidogenic regulatory proteins during the second and fourth cycles. Cows with persistence of the corpus luteum (CL) underwent determination of luteal size, luteal biopsy and serum progesterone measurement once between days 29 and 33, followed by prostaglandin treatment to induce luteolysis. The same procedures were repeated once between days 9 and 13 of the induced cycle.ResultsThe cows in group M had smaller first-cycle CLs than the cows in group H (p = 0.04), but progesterone concentrations did not differ between groups. Luteal size, progesterone concentration and gene expression did not differ between the two groups during the second and fourth cycles. Compared with healthy cows (10%), there was a trend (p = 0.07) toward a higher prevalence of persistent CLs in cows with metritis (33%). Persistent CLs were limited to the first cycle. Persistent CLs and the induced cyclic CLs did not differ with regard to the variables investigated.ConclusionsAn effect of metritis on luteal activity was apparent in the first postpartum estrous cycle. However, after the first postpartum cycle, no differences occurred in analyzed parameters between metritis and control cows. Therefore, a metritis is able to impair luteal activity transiently, but does not seem to have a long-term effect on luteal function.
| S-EPMC3899931 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study was to evaluate the progression of the uterine microbiota from calving until establishment of metritis. Uterine swabs (n = 72) collected at 0, 2, and 6 ± 2 days postpartum (dpp) from 12 metritic and 12 healthy cows were used for metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. A heat map showed that uterine microbiota was established at calving. The microbiota changed rapidly from 0 to 6 ± 2 dpp, with a decrease in the abundance of Proteobacteria and an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, which were dominant in metritic cows. Uterine microbiota composition was shared; however, metritic and healthy cows could be discriminated using relative abundance of bacterial genera at 0, 2, and 6 ± 2 dpp. Bacteroides was the main genus associated with metritis because it was the only genus that showed significantly greater abundance in cows with metritis. As the abundance of Bacteroides organisms increased, the uterine discharge score, a measure of uterine health, worsened. Fusobacterium was also an important genus associated with metritis because Fusobacterium abundance increased as Bacteroides abundance increased and the uterine discharge score worsened as the abundance increased. The correlation with uterine discharge score and the correlation with Bacteroides or Fusobacterium showed that other bacteria, such as Helcoccocus, Filifactor, and Porphyromonas, were also associated with metritis. There were also bacteria associated with uterine health, such as "Candidatus Blochmannia," Escherichia, Sneathia, and Pedobacter.
| S-EPMC4542247 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study we evaluate the efficacy of five vaccine formulations containing different combinations of proteins (FimH; leukotoxin, LKT; and pyolysin, PLO) and/or inactivated whole cells (Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Trueperella pyogenes) in preventing postpartum uterine diseases. Inactivated whole cells were produced using two genetically distinct strains of each bacterial species (E. coli, F. necrophorum, and T. pyogenes). FimH and PLO subunits were produced using recombinant protein expression, and LKT was recovered from culturing a wild F. necrophorum strain. Three subcutaneous vaccines were formulated: Vaccine 1 was composed of inactivated bacterial whole cells and proteins; Vaccine 2 was composed of proteins only; and Vaccine 3 was composed of inactivated bacterial whole cells only. Two intravaginal vaccines were formulated: Vaccine 4 was composed of inactivated bacterial whole cells and proteins; and Vaccine 5 was composed of PLO and LKT. To evaluate vaccine efficacy, a randomized clinical trial was conducted at a commercial dairy farm; 371 spring heifers were allocated randomly into one of six different treatments groups: control, Vaccine 1, Vaccine 2, Vaccine 3, Vaccine 4 and Vaccine 5. Late pregnant heifers assigned to one of the vaccine groups were each vaccinated twice: at 230 and 260 days of pregnancy. When vaccines were evaluated grouped as subcutaneous and intravaginal, the subcutaneous ones were found to significantly reduce the incidence of puerperal metritis. Additionally, subcutaneous vaccination significantly reduced rectal temperature at 6±1 days in milk. Reproduction was improved for cows that received subcutaneous vaccines. In general, vaccination induced a significant increase in serum IgG titers against all antigens, with subcutaneous vaccination again being more effective. In conclusion, subcutaneous vaccination with inactivated bacterial components and/or protein subunits of E. coli, F. necrophorum and T. pyogenes can prevent puerperal metritis during the first lactation of dairy cows, leading to improved reproduction.
| S-EPMC3956715 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A pair-matched longitudinal study conducted on three dairy farms in the U.S. High-Plains explored the temporal effects of two-dose ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) treatment for metritis on third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance among enteric E. coli in Holstein-Friesian cows. The current 13-day slaughter withholding period does not account for rising populations of third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistant bacteria in feces of animals following CCFA treatment. A total of 124 matched-pairs of cows were enrolled in the study. Cows diagnosed with postpartum metritis received the product twice at the labeled dose of 6.6 mg/kg subcutaneously at the base of alternating ears. Untreated cows-absent clinical metritis-were matched on lactation number and calving date. Feces were collected per rectum on days 0 (baseline), 6, 16, 28, and 56. Environmental samples, from watering troughs as well as surface manure from fresh-cow, hospital, maternity, and milking pens, and from the compost pile were collected prior to the animal sample collection period. Historical data on metritis rates and CCFA use were compiled from herd records. On day 0, cows exhibited an overall mean difference of over 4 log10 colony forming units (CFU) comparing 3GC resistant E. coli to the general E. coli population. At the first eligible slaughter date, the difference declined to 3.31 log10 CFU among cows in the CCFA group (P<0.01 compared to control cows). Such differences were no longer observed between the treated and control groups by day 28. Results suggest a 13-day withholding period following the final treatment is insufficient to allow levels of 3GC resistant E. coli to return to baseline. This effect varied by farm and was dependent upon the starting level of resistance. A farm-specific extended slaughter-withholding period could reduce the microbial risk to food products at slaughter.
| S-EPMC6645674 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan microparticles on the uterine microbiome of cows with metritis. Dairy cows with metritis (n?=?89) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: chitosan microparticles (n?=?21), in which the cows received an intrauterine infusion of chitosan microparticles at metritis diagnosis (day?0), day?2, and day?4; ceftiofur (n?=?25), in which the cows received a subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur on day?0 and day?3; and no intrauterine or subcutaneous treatment (n?=?23). Nonmetritic cows (n?=?20) were healthy cows matched with cows with metritis by the number of days postpartum at metritis diagnosis. Uterine swab samples collected on days?0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 16S RNA gene copy number quantification by quantitative PCR. Principal-coordinate analysis showed that the microbiome of the ceftiofur-treated and metritic untreated groups progressed toward that of the nonmetritic group by day?3, whereas that of the chitosan microparticle-treated group remained unchanged. The differences on day?3 were mainly due to a greater relative abundance of Fusobacteria, particularly Fusobacterium, in the chitosan microparticle-treated group than in the ceftiofur-treated and metritic untreated groups. Furthermore, the microbiome of the ceftiofur-treated group became similar to that of the nonmetritic group by day?9, whereas the microbiome of the chitosan microparticle-treated and metritic untreated groups became similar to that of the nonmetritic group only by day?12. The total bacterial 16S rRNA gene counts in the chitosan microparticle-treated group were greater than those in the metritic untreated controls on days?6 and 9, whereas the ceftiofur treatment group was the only group in which the total bacterial 16S rRNA gene count became similar to that in the nonmetritic group by day?12. In summary, chitosan microparticles slowed the progression of the uterine microbiome toward a healthy state, whereas ceftiofur hastened the progression toward a healthy state.IMPORTANCE Third-generation cephalosporins, such as ceftiofur, are commonly used to treat metritis in dairy cows. Chitosan microparticles has been shown to have a broad spectrum of activity in vitro and to be effective against uterine pathogens in vivo; therefore, they have been hailed as a possible alternative to traditional antibiotics. Nonetheless, in the present study, we saw that chitosan microparticle treatment slowed the progression of the uterine microbiome of cows with metritis toward a healthy state, whereas ceftiofur treatment hastened the progression toward a healthy state. Given the lack of an effective alternative to traditional antibiotics and an increased concern about antimicrobial resistance, a greater effort should be devoted to the prevention of metritis in dairy cows.
| S-EPMC7480369 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate bacterial and host factors causing a fever in cows with metritis. For that, we investigated uterine microbiota using a metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (Study 1), and immune response parameters (Study 2) in metritic cows with and without a fever.Principal findings (study1)Bacterial communities were similar between the MNoFever and MFever groups based on distance metrics of relative abundance of bacteria. Metritic cows showed a greater prevalence of Bacteroidetes, and Bacteroides and Porphyromonas were the largest contributors to that difference. A comparison of relative abundance at the species level pointed to Bacteroides pyogenes as a fever-related species which was significantly abundant in the MFever than the MNoFever and Healthy groups; however, absolute abundance of Bacteroides pyogenes determined by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was similar between MFever and MNoFever groups, but higher than the Healthy group. The same trend was observed in the total number of bacteria.Principal findings (study2)The activity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and the production of TNF?, PGE2 metabolite, and PGE2 were evaluated in serum, before disease onset, at 0 and 3 DPP. Cows in the MNoFever had decreased proportion of PMN undergoing phagocytosis and oxidative burst compared with the MFever. The low PMN activity in the MNoFever was coupled with the low production of TNF?, but similar PGE2 metabolite and circulating PGE2.Conclusion/significanceOur study is the first to show a similar microbiome between metritic cows with and without a fever, which indicates that the host response may be more important for fever development than the microbiome. Bacteroides pyogenes was identified as an important pathogen for the development of metritis but not fever. The decreased inflammatory response may explain the lack of a febrile response in the MNoFever group.
| S-EPMC5089738 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMetritis is an inflammatory uterine disease found in ~ 20% of dairy cows after parturition and associated with uterine microbiota with high abundance of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas. Ceftiofur is a common treatment, but the effect on uterine microbiota is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the short-term impact of ceftiofur on uterine microbiota structure and function in cows with metritis. Eight cows received ceftiofur (CEF) and 10 remained untreated (CON). Uterine swabs were collected for PCR and metagenomic analysis at diagnosis before treatment (5 ± 1 DPP) and 2 days after diagnosis/treatment (7 ± 1 DPP) from the same individuals. Seven CEF and 9 CON passed quality control and were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsCeftiofur treatment resulted in uterine microbiota alteration, which was attributed to a decrease in relative abundance of Fusobacterium and in gene contents involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, whereas uterine microbiota diversity and genes involved in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis increased. Ceftiofur treatment also reduced rectal temperature and tended to reduce total bacteria in the uterus. However, other uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides and Porphyromonas remained unchanged in CEF. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 37.5% of metritic cows tested but was not affected by CEF. We found that β-hydroxybutyric acid, pyruvic acid, and L-glutamine were preferentially utilized by Fusobacterium necrophorum according to metabolic activity with 95 carbon sources.ConclusionsCeftiofur treatment leads to alterations in the uterine microbiota that were mainly characterized by reductions in Fusobacterium and genes involved in LPS biosynthesis, which may be associated with a decrease in rectal temperature. The increase in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis indicates microbial response to metabolic stress caused by ceftiofur. Preference of Fusobacterium for β-hydroxybutyric acid may help to explain why this strain becomes dominant in the uterine microbiota of cows with metritis, and it also may provide a means for development of new therapies for the control of metritis in dairy cows.
| S-EPMC7844903 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bacterial contamination of the uterus following calving is ubiquitous in the dairy cow, 40% of cows develop postpartum uterine infection, including metritis. While predisposing factors like twinning and dystocia are associated with metritis, it is unclear why some cows remain healthy following calving and others develop uterine infection, negatively impacting animal health, milk production and economic return. Here, we profiled peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cows before calving and during postpartum metritis. We hypothesized that peripheral blood mononuclear cell function and proportions would be altered during the prepartum period in cows that develop postpartum metritis. Using flow cytometry we observed reduced proportions of peripheral CD3+/CD4+, CD4+/CD62L+, FOXP3+ and CD21+ populations from -10 to 40 days relative to calving associated with metritis, while the proportion of peripheral CD3+/CD4+ lymphocytes were specifically reduced in the prepartum period before the onset of metritis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cows with metritis had a perturbed capacity to secrete IL-1β or IFNγ in response to in vitro stimulus; cells collected during the prepartum period from cows that would go on to develop metritis failed to increase IL-1β secretion in response to stimulation, while IFNγ secretion was altered at calving and postpartum in cows with metritis compared to healthy herd mates. No effect of metritis was observed in the capacity of cows to mount a humoral immune response to antigen administered on the day of calving. The studies discussed here suggest that while minor changes to the prepartum immune system are observed in cows that develop metritis, changes observed in the postpartum period are more prevalent and likely a consequences of disease and not causative. Future studies to modulate the prepartum immune system may help to limit postpartum metritis.
| S-EPMC6445263 | biostudies-literature