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ABSTRACT: Importance
Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies.Objective
To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories.Design, setting, and participants
This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes using standardized approaches to data processing and statistical analysis. It also describes epidemiologic transitions by evaluating historical associations between disease indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and fertility. Data collected from 1990 to 2017 on children and adolescents from birth through 19 years of age in 195 countries and territories were assessed. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to August 2018.Exposures
Being under the age of 20 years between 1990 and 2017.Main outcomes and measures
Death and disability. All-cause and cause-specific deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability.Results
Child and adolescent deaths decreased 51.7% from 13.77 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.60-13.93 million) in 1990 to 6.64 million (95% UI, 6.44-6.87 million) in 2017, but in 2017, aggregate disability increased 4.7% to a total of 145 million (95% UI, 107-190 million) years lived with disability globally. Progress was uneven, and inequity increased, with low-SDI and low-middle-SDI locations experiencing 82.2% (95% UI, 81.6%-82.9%) of deaths, up from 70.9% (95% UI, 70.4%-71.4%) in 1990. The leading disaggregated causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2017 in the low-SDI quintile were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and congenital birth defects, whereas neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, headache, dermatitis, and anxiety were highest-ranked in the high-SDI quintile.Conclusions and relevance
Mortality reductions over this 27-year period mean that children are more likely than ever to reach their 20th birthdays. The concomitant expansion of nonfatal health loss and epidemiological transition in children and adolescents, especially in low-SDI and middle-SDI countries, has the potential to increase already overburdened health systems, will affect the human capital potential of societies, and may influence the trajectory of socioeconomic development. Continued monitoring of child and adolescent health loss is crucial to sustain the progress of the past 27 years.
SUBMITTER: GBD 2017 Child and Adolescent Health Collaborators
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6547084 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Reiner Robert C RC Olsen Helen Elizabeth HE Ikeda Chad Thomas CT Echko Michelle M MM Ballestreros Katherine E KE Manguerra Helen H Martopullo Ira I Millear Anoushka A Shields Chloe C Smith Alison A Strub Bryan B Abebe Molla M Abebe Zegeye Z Adhena Beyene Meressa BM Adhikari Tara Ballav TB Akibu Mohammed M Al-Raddadi Rajaa M RM Alvis-Guzman Nelson N Antonio Carl Abelardo T CAT Aremu Olatunde O Asgedom Solomon Weldegebreal SW Asseffa Netsanet Abera NA Avila-Burgos Leticia L Barac Aleksandra A Bärnighausen Till W TW Bassat Quique Q Bensenor Isabela M IM Bhutta Zulfiqar A ZA Bijani Ali A Bililign Nigus N Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero L Malta Deborah Carvalho DC Chang Jung-Chen JC Charlson Fiona J FJ Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda SD Doku David Teye DT Edessa Dumessa D El-Khatib Ziad Z Erskine Holly E HE Ferrari Alize J AJ Fullman Nancy N Gupta Rahul R Hassen Hamid Yimam HY Hay Simon I SI Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen OS Jacobsen Kathryn H KH Kahsay Amaha A Kasaeian Amir A Kassa Tesfaye Dessale TD Kebede Seifu S Khader Yousef Saleh YS Khan Ejaz Ahmad EA Khan Mohammed Nuruzzaman MN Khang Young-Ho YH Khubchandani Jagdish J Kinfu Yohannes Y Kochhar Sonali S Kokubo Yoshihiro Y Koyanagi Ai A Defo Barthelemy Kuate BK Lal Dharmesh Kumar DK Kumsa Fekede Asefa FA Larson Heidi J HJ Leung Janni J Mamun Abdullah A AA Mehata Suresh S Melku Mulugeta M Mendoza Walter W Mezgebe Haftay Berhane HB Miller Ted R TR Moges Nurilign Abebe NA Mohammed Shafiu S Mokdad Ali H AH Monasta Lorenzo L Neupane Subas S Nguyen Huong Lan Thi HLT Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini DNA Nirayo Yirga Legesse YL Nong Vuong Minh VM Ogbo Felix Akpojene FA Olagunju Andrew T AT Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola BO Olusanya Jacob Olusegun JO Patton George C GC Pereira David M DM Pourmalek Farshad F Qorbani Mostafa M Rafay Anwar A Rai Rajesh Kumar RK Ram Usha U Ranabhat Chhabi Lal CL Renzaho Andre M N AMN Rezai Mohammad Sadegh MS Ronfani Luca L Roth Gregory A GA Safiri Saeid S Sartorius Benn B Scott James G JG Shackelford Katya Anne KA Sliwa Karen K Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar C Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Bable MB Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman AS Topor-Madry Roman R Tran Bach Xuan BX Ukwaja Kingsley Nnanna KN Uthman Olalekan A OA Vollset Stein Emil SE Weldegwergs Kidu Gidey KG Werdecker Andrea A Whiteford Harvey A HA Wijeratne Tissa T Yonemoto Naohiro N Yotebieng Marcel M Zuhlke Liesl J LJ Kyu Hmwe Hmwe HH Naghavi Mohsen M Vos Theo T Murray Christopher J L CJL Kassebaum Nicholas J NJ
JAMA pediatrics 20190603 6
<h4>Importance</h4>Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies.<h4>Objective</h4>To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortali ...[more]