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Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study.


ABSTRACT:

Importance

Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies.

Objective

To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories.

Design, setting, and participants

This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes using standardized approaches to data processing and statistical analysis. It also describes epidemiologic transitions by evaluating historical associations between disease indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and fertility. Data collected from 1990 to 2017 on children and adolescents from birth through 19 years of age in 195 countries and territories were assessed. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to August 2018.

Exposures

Being under the age of 20 years between 1990 and 2017.

Main outcomes and measures

Death and disability. All-cause and cause-specific deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability.

Results

Child and adolescent deaths decreased 51.7% from 13.77 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.60-13.93 million) in 1990 to 6.64 million (95% UI, 6.44-6.87 million) in 2017, but in 2017, aggregate disability increased 4.7% to a total of 145 million (95% UI, 107-190 million) years lived with disability globally. Progress was uneven, and inequity increased, with low-SDI and low-middle-SDI locations experiencing 82.2% (95% UI, 81.6%-82.9%) of deaths, up from 70.9% (95% UI, 70.4%-71.4%) in 1990. The leading disaggregated causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2017 in the low-SDI quintile were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and congenital birth defects, whereas neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, headache, dermatitis, and anxiety were highest-ranked in the high-SDI quintile.

Conclusions and relevance

Mortality reductions over this 27-year period mean that children are more likely than ever to reach their 20th birthdays. The concomitant expansion of nonfatal health loss and epidemiological transition in children and adolescents, especially in low-SDI and middle-SDI countries, has the potential to increase already overburdened health systems, will affect the human capital potential of societies, and may influence the trajectory of socioeconomic development. Continued monitoring of child and adolescent health loss is crucial to sustain the progress of the past 27 years.

SUBMITTER: GBD 2017 Child and Adolescent Health Collaborators 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6547084 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study.

Reiner Robert C RC   Olsen Helen Elizabeth HE   Ikeda Chad Thomas CT   Echko Michelle M MM   Ballestreros Katherine E KE   Manguerra Helen H   Martopullo Ira I   Millear Anoushka A   Shields Chloe C   Smith Alison A   Strub Bryan B   Abebe Molla M   Abebe Zegeye Z   Adhena Beyene Meressa BM   Adhikari Tara Ballav TB   Akibu Mohammed M   Al-Raddadi Rajaa M RM   Alvis-Guzman Nelson N   Antonio Carl Abelardo T CAT   Aremu Olatunde O   Asgedom Solomon Weldegebreal SW   Asseffa Netsanet Abera NA   Avila-Burgos Leticia L   Barac Aleksandra A   Bärnighausen Till W TW   Bassat Quique Q   Bensenor Isabela M IM   Bhutta Zulfiqar A ZA   Bijani Ali A   Bililign Nigus N   Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero L   Malta Deborah Carvalho DC   Chang Jung-Chen JC   Charlson Fiona J FJ   Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda SD   Doku David Teye DT   Edessa Dumessa D   El-Khatib Ziad Z   Erskine Holly E HE   Ferrari Alize J AJ   Fullman Nancy N   Gupta Rahul R   Hassen Hamid Yimam HY   Hay Simon I SI   Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen OS   Jacobsen Kathryn H KH   Kahsay Amaha A   Kasaeian Amir A   Kassa Tesfaye Dessale TD   Kebede Seifu S   Khader Yousef Saleh YS   Khan Ejaz Ahmad EA   Khan Mohammed Nuruzzaman MN   Khang Young-Ho YH   Khubchandani Jagdish J   Kinfu Yohannes Y   Kochhar Sonali S   Kokubo Yoshihiro Y   Koyanagi Ai A   Defo Barthelemy Kuate BK   Lal Dharmesh Kumar DK   Kumsa Fekede Asefa FA   Larson Heidi J HJ   Leung Janni J   Mamun Abdullah A AA   Mehata Suresh S   Melku Mulugeta M   Mendoza Walter W   Mezgebe Haftay Berhane HB   Miller Ted R TR   Moges Nurilign Abebe NA   Mohammed Shafiu S   Mokdad Ali H AH   Monasta Lorenzo L   Neupane Subas S   Nguyen Huong Lan Thi HLT   Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini DNA   Nirayo Yirga Legesse YL   Nong Vuong Minh VM   Ogbo Felix Akpojene FA   Olagunju Andrew T AT   Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola BO   Olusanya Jacob Olusegun JO   Patton George C GC   Pereira David M DM   Pourmalek Farshad F   Qorbani Mostafa M   Rafay Anwar A   Rai Rajesh Kumar RK   Ram Usha U   Ranabhat Chhabi Lal CL   Renzaho Andre M N AMN   Rezai Mohammad Sadegh MS   Ronfani Luca L   Roth Gregory A GA   Safiri Saeid S   Sartorius Benn B   Scott James G JG   Shackelford Katya Anne KA   Sliwa Karen K   Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar C   Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Bable MB   Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman AS   Topor-Madry Roman R   Tran Bach Xuan BX   Ukwaja Kingsley Nnanna KN   Uthman Olalekan A OA   Vollset Stein Emil SE   Weldegwergs Kidu Gidey KG   Werdecker Andrea A   Whiteford Harvey A HA   Wijeratne Tissa T   Yonemoto Naohiro N   Yotebieng Marcel M   Zuhlke Liesl J LJ   Kyu Hmwe Hmwe HH   Naghavi Mohsen M   Vos Theo T   Murray Christopher J L CJL   Kassebaum Nicholas J NJ  

JAMA pediatrics 20190603 6


<h4>Importance</h4>Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies.<h4>Objective</h4>To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortali  ...[more]

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