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5?-cyprinol sulfate, a bile salt from fish, induces diel vertical migration in Daphnia.


ABSTRACT: Prey are under selection to minimize predation losses. In aquatic environments, many prey use chemical cues released by predators, which initiate predator avoidance. A prominent example of behavioral predator-avoidance constitutes diel vertical migration (DVM) in the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia spp., which is induced by chemical cues (kairomones) released by planktivorous fish. In a bioassay-guided approach using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, we identified the kairomone from fish incubation water as 5?-cyprinol sulfate inducing DVM in Daphnia at picomolar concentrations. The role of 5?-cyprinol sulfate in lipid digestion in fish explains why from an evolutionary perspective fish has not stopped releasing 5?-cyprinol sulfate despite the disadvantages for the releaser. The identification of the DVM-inducing kairomone enables investigating its spatial and temporal distribution and the underlying molecular mechanism of its perception. Furthermore, it allows to test if fish-mediated inducible defenses in other aquatic invertebrates are triggered by the same compound.

SUBMITTER: Hahn MA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6559785 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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5α-cyprinol sulfate, a bile salt from fish, induces diel vertical migration in <i>Daphnia</i>.

Hahn Meike Anika MA   Effertz Christoph C   Bigler Laurent L   von Elert Eric E  

eLife 20190502


Prey are under selection to minimize predation losses. In aquatic environments, many prey use chemical cues released by predators, which initiate predator avoidance. A prominent example of behavioral predator-avoidance constitutes diel vertical migration (DVM) in the freshwater microcrustacean <i>Daphnia</i> spp., which is induced by chemical cues (kairomones) released by planktivorous fish. In a bioassay-guided approach using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, we identified the kairom  ...[more]

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