Dataset Information

Genome-Wide Patterns of Gene Expression in a Wild Primate Indicate Species-Specific Mechanisms Associated with Tolerance to Natural Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

ABSTRACT: Over 40 species of nonhuman primates host simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). In natural hosts, infection is generally assumed to be nonpathogenic due to a long coevolutionary history between host and virus, although pathogenicity is difficult to study in wild nonhuman primates. We used whole-blood RNA-seq and SIV prevalence from 29 wild Ugandan red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) to assess the effects of SIV infection on host gene expression in wild, naturally SIV-infected primates. We found no evidence for chronic immune activation in infected individuals, suggesting that SIV is not immunocompromising in this species, in contrast to human immunodeficiency virus in humans. Notably, an immunosuppressive gene, CD101, was upregulated in infected individuals. This gene has not been previously described in the context of nonpathogenic SIV infection. This expands the known variation associated with SIV infection in natural hosts and may suggest a novel mechanism for tolerance of SIV infection in the Ugandan red colobus.

SUBMITTER: Simons ND

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6561381 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genome-Wide Patterns of Gene Expression in a Wild Primate Indicate Species-Specific Mechanisms Associated with Tolerance to Natural Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Simons Noah D ND Eick Geeta N GN Ruiz-Lopez Maria J MJ Hyeroba David D Omeja Patrick A PA Weny Geoffrey G Zheng HaoQiang H Shankar Anupama A Frost Simon D W SDW Jones James H JH Chapman Colin A CA Switzer William M WM Goldberg Tony L TL Sterner Kirstin N KN Ting Nelson N

Genome biology and evolution 20190601 6

Over 40 species of nonhuman primates host simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). In natural hosts, infection is generally assumed to be nonpathogenic due to a long coevolutionary history between host and virus, although pathogenicity is difficult to study in wild nonhuman primates. We used whole-blood RNA-seq and SIV prevalence from 29 wild Ugandan red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) to assess the effects of SIV infection on host gene expression in wild, naturally SIV-infected primates. We ...[more]

PMID: 31106820

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Project description:The goal of this project is todetermine if natural killer (NK) cells could be able to control HIV replication and reduce or eliminate viral reservoirs leading to HIV cure or a functional cure. Despite thirty years of work and significant progress, HIV infection continues to be an incurable disease. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased the morbidity and mortality, but lifelong treatment is merely suppressive and does not cure HIV/AIDS. This is because of the existence of a reservoir of viral DNA+ (vDNA+) in cells of the lymphoid tissues with an intact provirus that is thought capable of initiating new rounds of HIV replication (i.e. latency). In addition to this inducible reservoir data suggest ongoing low-level virus replication and persistence in lymphatic tissues of some patients that is related to suboptimal drug levels in these tissues. Strategies are needed that can address both issues. NK cells are innate immune effectors that recognize virally infected targets through a cadre of activating and inhibitory receptors but become dysfunctional in HIV infected people. Strikingly, African green monkeys (AGM) and sooty mangabeys mount a strong control of viral replication in lymph node follicles shortly after the viremia peak that lasts throughout infection. Several mechanisms have been proposed to be implicated in the strong control of viral replication in natural host’s lymph nodes, such as NK cell-mediated control. Indeed, we have recently shown that NK cells could migrate into the b cells follicles in a CXCR5 dependent manner and thus participate to the elimination of viral replication. Thus the purpose of this study is too compare at the transcriptomic level different subset of NK cell isolated from blood and peripheral lymph node of chronically infected AGM to identify a transcriptomic signature which could be linked to an efficient control of SIV replication. This results could then provide a new aproche which could be exploited to generate functional NK cells against HIV in infected patients.

Dataset Information

Genome-Wide Patterns of Gene Expression in a Wild Primate Indicate Species-Specific Mechanisms Associated with Tolerance to Natural Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Publications

Genome-Wide Patterns of Gene Expression in a Wild Primate Indicate Species-Specific Mechanisms Associated with Tolerance to Natural Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Similar Datasets

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