Dataset Information

Interactions between Ambient Air Particles and Greenness on Cause-specific Mortality in Seven Korean Metropolitan Cities, 2008-2016.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to investigate the association of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 ?m (PM₁₀) and greenness with cause-specific mortality and their interactions in seven Korean metropolitan cities. We obtained the annual standardized cause-specific mortality rates, annual mean concentration of PM₁₀, and annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 73 districts for the period 2008-2016. We used negative binomial regression with city-specific random effects to estimate the association of PM₁₀ and greenness with mortality. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and spatial autocorrelation. We also conducted stratified analyses to investigate whether the association between PM₁₀ and mortality differs by the level of greenness. Our findings suggest an increased risk of all causes examined, except respiratory disease mortality, with high levels of PM₁₀ and decreased risk of cardiovascular-related mortality with a high level of greenness. In the stratified analyses, we found interactions between PM₁₀ and greenness, but these interactions in the opposite direction depend on the cause of death. The effects of PM₁₀ on cardiovascular-related mortality were attenuated in greener areas, whereas the effects of PM₁₀ on non-accidental mortality were attenuated in less green areas. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Kim S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6572360 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interactions between Ambient Air Particles and Greenness on Cause-specific Mortality in Seven Korean Metropolitan Cities, 2008-2016.

Kim Sera S Kim Honghyok H Lee Jong-Tae JT

International journal of environmental research and public health 20190527 10

This study aims to investigate the association of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>) and greenness with cause-specific mortality and their interactions in seven Korean metropolitan cities. We obtained the annual standardized cause-specific mortality rates, annual mean concentration of PM<sub>10</sub>, and annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 73 districts for the period 2008-2016. We used negative binomial regression with city- ...[more]

PMID: 31137847

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Project description:BackgroundThe systematic evaluation of the results of time-series studies of air pollution is challenged by differences in model specification and publication bias.MethodsWe evaluated the associations of inhalable particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 ?m or less (PM10) and fine PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 ?m or less (PM2.5) with daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries or regions. Daily data on mortality and air pollution were collected from 652 cities in 24 countries or regions. We used overdispersed generalized additive models with random-effects meta-analysis to investigate the associations. Two-pollutant models were fitted to test the robustness of the associations. Concentration-response curves from each city were pooled to allow global estimates to be derived.ResultsOn average, an increase of 10 ?g per cubic meter in the 2-day moving average of PM10 concentration, which represents the average over the current and previous day, was associated with increases of 0.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.50) in daily all-cause mortality, 0.36% (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.43) in daily cardiovascular mortality, and 0.47% (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.58) in daily respiratory mortality. The corresponding increases in daily mortality for the same change in PM2.5 concentration were 0.68% (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.77), 0.55% (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.66), and 0.74% (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.95). These associations remained significant after adjustment for gaseous pollutants. Associations were stronger in locations with lower annual mean PM concentrations and higher annual mean temperatures. The pooled concentration-response curves showed a consistent increase in daily mortality with increasing PM concentration, with steeper slopes at lower PM concentrations.ConclusionsOur data show independent associations between short-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 and daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in more than 600 cities across the globe. These data reinforce the evidence of a link between mortality and PM concentration established in regional and local studies. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and others.).

Project description:For over a decade, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) has conducted active rotavirus (RVA) strain surveillance in the USA. The evolution of RVA in the post-vaccine introduction era and the possible effects of vaccine pressure on contemporary circulating strains in the USA are still under investigation. Here, we report the whole-gene characterization (eleven ORFs) for 157 RVA strains collected at seven NVSN sites during the 2014 through 2016 seasons. The sequenced strains included 52 G1P[8], 47 G12P[8], 18 G9P[8], 24 G2P[4], 5 G3P[6], as well as 7 vaccine strains, a single mixed strain (G9G12P[8]), and 3 less common strains. The majority of the single and mixed strains possessed a Wa-like backbone with consensus genotype constellation of G1/G3/G9/G12-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1, while the G2P[4], G3P[6], and G2P[8] strains displayed a DS-1-like genetic backbone with consensus constellation of G2/G3-P[4]/P[6]/P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. Two intergenogroup reassortant G1P[8] strains were detected that appear to be progenies of reassortment events between Wa-like G1P[8] and DS-1-like G2P[4] strains. Two Rotarix® vaccine (RV1) and two RV5 derived (vd) reassortant strains were detected. Phylogenetic and similarity matrices analysis revealed 2-11 sub-genotypic allelic clusters among the genes of Wa- and DS-1-like strains. Most study strains clustered into previously defined alleles. Amino acid (AA) substitutions occurring in the neutralization epitopes of the VP7 and VP4 proteins characterized in this study were mostly neutral in nature, suggesting that these RVA proteins were possibly under strong negative or purifying selection in order to maintain competent and actual functionality, but fourteen radical (AA changes that occur between groups) AA substitutions were noted that may allow RVA strains to gain a selective advantage through immune escape. The tracking of RVA strains at the sub-genotypic allele constellation level will enhance our understanding of RVA evolution under vaccine pressure, help identify possible mechanisms of immune escape, and provide valuable information for formulation of future RVA vaccines.

Dataset Information

Interactions between Ambient Air Particles and Greenness on Cause-specific Mortality in Seven Korean Metropolitan Cities, 2008-2016.

Publications

Interactions between Ambient Air Particles and Greenness on Cause-specific Mortality in Seven Korean Metropolitan Cities, 2008-2016.

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