Dataset Information

The Dual-Specificity LAMMER Kinase Affects Stress-Response and Morphological Plasticity in Fungi.

ABSTRACT: The morphological plasticity of fungal pathogens has long been implicated in their virulence and is often influenced by extracellular factors. Complex signal transduction cascades are critical for sensing stresses imposed by external cues such as antifungal drugs, and for mediating appropriate cellular responses. Many of these signal transduction cascades are well-conserved and involve in the distinct morphogenetic processes during the life cycle of the pathogenic fungi. The dual-specificity LAMMER kinases are evolutionarily conserved across species ranging from yeasts to mammals and have multiple functions in various physiological processes; however, their functions in fungi are relatively unknown. In this review, we first describe the involvement of LAMMER kinases in cell surface changes, which often accompany alterations in growth pattern and differentiation. Then, we focus on the LAMMER kinase-dependent molecular machinery responsible for the stress responses and cell cycle regulation. Last, we discuss the possible cross-talk between LAMMER kinases and other signaling cascades, which integrates exogenous and host signals together with genetic factors to affect the morphological plasticity and virulence in fungi.

SUBMITTER: Lim JY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6593044 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The Dual-Specificity LAMMER Kinase Affects Stress-Response and Morphological Plasticity in Fungi.

Lim Joo-Yeon JY Park Hee-Moon HM

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 20190619

The morphological plasticity of fungal pathogens has long been implicated in their virulence and is often influenced by extracellular factors. Complex signal transduction cascades are critical for sensing stresses imposed by external cues such as antifungal drugs, and for mediating appropriate cellular responses. Many of these signal transduction cascades are well-conserved and involve in the distinct morphogenetic processes during the life cycle of the pathogenic fungi. The dual-specificity LAM ...[more]

PMID: 31275866

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Project description:Oxidative stress, a state of disrupted redox signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and oxidative cell damage, accompanies numerous brain pathologies, including aging-related dementia and Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly population. However, a causative role of neuronal oxidative stress in the development of aging-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration remains elusive because of the lack of approaches for modeling isolated oxidative injury in the brain. Here, we present a chemogenetic approach based on the yeast flavoprotein d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) for the generation of intraneuronal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To validate this chemogenetic tool, DAAO and HyPer7, an ultrasensitive genetically encoded H2O2 biosensor, were targeted to neurons. Changes in the fluorescence of HyPer7 upon treatment of neurons expressing DAAO with d-norvaline (D-Nva), a DAAO substrate, confirmed chemogenetically induced production of intraneuornal H2O2. Then, using the verified chemogenetic tool, we emulated isolated intraneuronal oxidative stress in acute brain slices and, using electrophysiological recordings, revealed that it does not alter basal synaptic transmission and the probability of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals but reduces long-term potentiation (LTP). Moreover, treating neurons expressing DAAO with D-Nva via the patch pipette also decreases LTP. This observation indicates that isolated oxidative stress affects synaptic plasticity at single cell level. Our results broaden the toolset for studying normal redox regulation in the brain and elucidating the role of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of cognitive aging and the early stages of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed approach is useful for identification of early markers of neuronal oxidative stress and may be used in screens of potential antioxidants effective against neuronal oxidative injury.

Project description:Transcription factors (TFs) are essential regulators of gene expression in a cell; the entire repertoire of TFs (TFome) of a species reflects its regulatory potential and the evolutionary history of the regulatory mechanisms. In this work, I give an overview of fungal TFs, analyze TFome dynamics, and discuss TF families and types of particular interest. Whole-genome annotation of TFs in more than 200 fungal species revealed ~80 families of TFs that are typically found in fungi. Almost half of the considered genomes belonged to basidiomycetes and zygomycetes, which have been underrepresented in earlier annotations due to dearth of sequenced genomes. The TFomes were analyzed in terms of expansion strategies genome- and lineage-wise. Generally, TFomes are known to correlate with genome size; but what happens to particular families when a TFome is expanding? By dissecting TFomes into single families and estimating the impact of each of them, I show that in fungi the TFome increment is largely limited to three families (C6 Zn clusters, C2H2-like Zn fingers, and homeodomain-like). To see whether this is a fungal peculiarity or a ubiquitous eukaryotic feature, I also analyzed metazoan TFomes, where I observed a similar trend (limited number of TFome-shaping families) but also some important differences connected mostly with the increased complexity in animals. The expansion strategies of TF families are lineage-specific; I demonstrate how the patterns of the TF families' distributions, designated as "TF signatures," can be used as a taxonomic feature, e.g., for allocation of uncertain phyla. In addition, both fungal and metazoan genomes contain an intriguing type of TFs. While usually TFs have a single DNA-binding domain, these TFs possess two (or more) different DNA-binding specificities. I demonstrate that dual-specific TFs comprising various combinations of all major TF families are a typical feature of fungal and animal genomes and have an interesting evolutionary history involving gene duplications and domain losses.

Dataset Information

The Dual-Specificity LAMMER Kinase Affects Stress-Response and Morphological Plasticity in Fungi.

Publications

The Dual-Specificity LAMMER Kinase Affects Stress-Response and Morphological Plasticity in Fungi.

Similar Datasets

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