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Genome data of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DF07 collected from polluted river sediment reveals an opportunistic pathogen and a potential antibiotic reservoir.

ABSTRACT: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DF07 is a gram negative bacterium isolated from polluted San Jacinto River sediment near Moncrief Park in Channelview, Texas. The genome of strain DF07 (chromosome and plasmid) was compiled at the scaffold level and can be accessed through the National Center for Biotechnology Information database under accession NZ_NJGC00000000. The DF07 genome consists of a total of 4,801,842 bp encoding for approximately 4,351 functional proteins. Approximately 86 proteins are associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance, 11 are associated with bacteriocin production, and a total of 17 proteins encode for an assortment of Mycobacterium-like virulence and invasion operons. S. maltophilia DF07 is genetically similar to the nosocomial S. maltophilia strain AU12-09, but also harbors an unusually large plasmid that encodes for over 150 proteins of unknown function. Taken together, this strain is potentially an important antibiotic reservoir and its origin within a recreational park merits further study of the area.

SUBMITTER: Iyer R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6600701 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genome data of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> DF07 collected from polluted river sediment reveals an opportunistic pathogen and a potential antibiotic reservoir.

Iyer Rupa R Damania Ashish A Iken Brian B

Data in brief 20190611

<i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> DF07 is a gram negative bacterium isolated from polluted San Jacinto River sediment near Moncrief Park in Channelview, Texas. The genome of strain DF07 (chromosome and plasmid) was compiled at the scaffold level and can be accessed through the National Center for Biotechnology Information database under accession NZ_NJGC00000000. The DF07 genome consists of a total of 4,801,842 bp encoding for approximately 4,351 functional proteins. Approximately 86 proteins ...[more]

PMID: 31304216

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Project description:Most studies on bacterial virulence focus on the pathogen itself. However, it is important to recall that the in-host behavior and the virulence of bacterial pathogens constitute a complex situation that depends on both the microorganisms and the infected host. While healthy people (the community) is infected by classical pathogenic microorganisms, able to cope with the anti-infection defenses of the host, in the case of people with basal diseases, debilitated or immunodepressed, the range of pathogens able to cause infection is wider and includes the so-named opportunistic pathogens, which lack the inherent ability to cause disease in healthy hosts and rarely produce infections in the community. Some of the most relevant opportunistic pathogens, as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, have an environmental origin and, in occasions, present interesting biotechnological properties. Consequently, it is important knowing whether S. maltophilia isolates recovered from infections constitute a specific phylogenetic branch that has evolved toward acquiring a virulent phenotype as it happens in the case of classical pathogens or rather, any member of this bacterial species is capable of producing infection and its pathogenic behavior is mainly a consequence of the host situation. To address this question, we analyzed a set of environmental and clinical S. maltophilia strains. Our results indicate that this opportunistic pathogen presents a large core genome and that the distribution of genes in general, and of known virulence determinants in particular, is similar among environmental and clinical isolates. The majority of genes not belonging to the S. maltophilia core genome are present in just one or two of the analyzed strains. This indicates that, more than speciation into different lineages (virulent and environmental), the evolution of S. maltophilia is based in the strain-specific acquisition of genes, likely involved in the adaptation of this bacterial species to different microniches. In addition, both environmental and clinical isolates present low susceptibility to several antimicrobials. Altogether our results support that S. maltophilia does not present a specific evolutionary branch toward virulence and most likely infection is mainly the consequence of the impaired anti-infective response of the infected patients.

Project description:Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are a highly diversified but evolutionarily related family of macromolecule transporters that can secrete proteins and DNA into the extracellular medium or into target cells. It was recently shown that a subtype of T4SS harboured by the plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri transfers toxins into target cells. Here, we show that a similar T4SS from the multi-drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is proficient in killing competitor bacterial species. T4SS-dependent duelling between S. maltophilia and X. citri was observed by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. A bioinformatic search of the S. maltophilia K279a genome for proteins containing a C-terminal domain conserved in X. citri T4SS effectors (XVIPCD) identified twelve putative effectors and their cognate immunity proteins. We selected a putative S. maltophilia effector with unknown function (Smlt3024) for further characterization and confirmed that it is indeed secreted in a T4SS-dependent manner. Expression of Smlt3024 in the periplasm of E. coli or its contact-dependent delivery via T4SS into E. coli by X. citri resulted in reduced growth rates, which could be counteracted by expression of its cognate inhibitor Smlt3025 in the target cell. Furthermore, expression of the VirD4 coupling protein of X. citri can restore the function of S. maltophilia ΔvirD4, demonstrating that effectors from one species can be recognized for transfer by T4SSs from another species. Interestingly, Smlt3024 is homologous to the N-terminal domain of large Ca2+-binding RTX proteins and the crystal structure of Smlt3025 revealed a topology similar to the iron-regulated protein FrpD from Neisseria meningitidis which has been shown to interact with the RTX protein FrpC. This work expands our current knowledge about the function of bacteria-killing T4SSs and increases the panel of effectors known to be involved in T4SS-mediated interbacterial competition, which possibly contribute to the establishment of S. maltophilia in clinical and environmental settings.

Project description:BackgroundYamuna, a major tributary of Ganga, which flows through the national capital region of Delhi, is among the major polluted rivers in India. The accumulation of various effluents, toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and increased organic load in the Yamuna directly affects the organisms that thrive inside or around this river. It also makes it an ideal site for studying the impact of pollution on the river microflora, which are sentinels of the water quality.ResultsIn this study, the microbial community structure and functional diversity of the Yamuna river water was assessed from the New Delhi region. The community structure of Yamuna during pre-monsoon (June) was found to be significantly different from the post-monsoon (November) time, with Acinetobacter being the most abundant genus during June, and Aeromonas during November. The functional characterization revealed the higher abundance of Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein in the river water, which could be important for the microbial chemosensory adaptation in the environment. A higher abundance of genes related to nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, metal tolerance, and xenobiotic degradation, and complete degradation pathways of aromatic compounds such as toluene, xylene, benzene and phenol were identified. Further, the results showed the presence of a pool of antibiotic resistance genes in the bacterial microbiome in the Yamuna alongside a large number of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as carbapenemases and metallo-β-lactamases. Efflux mechanism of resistance was found to dominate among these microbes conferring multi-drug resistance. The Principal Coordinate Analysis of the taxonomic composition of the Yamuna River water with publicly available freshwater and sewage datasets revealed significant differences in the two Yamuna samples and a greater resemblance of pre-monsoon Yamuna sample to sewage sample owing to the higher pollution levels in Yamuna in the pre-monsoon time.ConclusionThe metagenomic study of the Yamuna river provides the first insights on the bacterial microbiome composition of this large polluted river, and also helps to understand the dynamics in the community structure and functions due to seasonal variations. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes and functional insights on the metabolic potential of a polluted river microbiome are likely to have several applications in health, biotechnology and bioremediation.

Dataset Information

Genome data of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DF07 collected from polluted river sediment reveals an opportunistic pathogen and a potential antibiotic reservoir.

Publications

Genome data of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> DF07 collected from polluted river sediment reveals an opportunistic pathogen and a potential antibiotic reservoir.

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