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Diaper dermatitis: a survey of risk factors in Thai children aged under 24?months.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:To identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with diaper dermatitis in Thai children aged 1-24?months. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study of 1153 participants using structural questionnaires, which was conducted at Khon Kaen University Faculty of Medicine Pediatric department in Thailand. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between diaper dermatitis and its possible risk factors. RESULTS:The prevalence of diaper dermatitis among the study population was 36.1%, a rate which significantly decreased with age. The highest prevalence was found in subjects who were one to six months old. Risk factors that had a statistically significant association with diaper dermatitis in both univariate and multivariate analysis were i) diaper changing fewer than three times/night, ii) previous episodes of diaper rash, iii) using cloth diapers, and iv) topical application of baby talcum powder to the diaper area. CONCLUSIONS:Frequent diaper changings during the daytime do not compensate for fewer changings during the night. Moreover, the use of baby talcum powder on the diaper area significantly increased the risk of diaper dermatitis among the study population. These findings should be applied in future preventive strategies for diaper dermatitis in this age group.

SUBMITTER: Sukhneewat C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6604136 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diaper dermatitis: a survey of risk factors in Thai children aged under 24 months.

Sukhneewat Chonnakarn C Chaiyarit Jitjira J Techasatian Leelawadee L

BMC dermatology 20190702 1

<h4>Background</h4>To identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with diaper dermatitis in Thai children aged 1-24 months.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a cross-sectional study of 1153 participants using structural questionnaires, which was conducted at Khon Kaen University Faculty of Medicine Pediatric department in Thailand. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between diaper dermatitis and its possible risk factors.<h4>Results</h4>The p ...[more]

PMID: 31262288

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Project description:BackgroundDiaper dermatitis is one of infants and toddlers' most common skin diseases; it accounts for 10-20 % of all skin diseases and 25 % of pediatric dermatology visits. Diaper dermatitis also increases parents' mental health problems and compromises the quality of life. Despite its ill outcome, diaper dermatitis's burden and risk factors are poorly studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of diaper dermatitis and associated factors among 1-24 months children visiting public health facilities in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 671 mother-child pairs from May 15 to June 15, 2022. A structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect the information. The data was collected using an open data kit tools and analyzed using Stata version 17.0. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with diaper dermatitis. P-value <0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance.ResultsIn this study, 664 mother-child pairs, yielded a response rate of 98.96 %, were involved. Overall, 35.69 % [95 % CI: 32.04, 39.47] of children encountered diaper dermatitis. Being government-employed (AOR: 2.49, 95 % CI: 1.42, 4.35), primiparity (AOR: 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.03, 2.23), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.22, 3.04), having poor knowledge about diaper dermatitis (AOR: 1.74, 95 % CI: 1.19, 2.56), using both disposable and non-disposable diapers alternatively (AOR: 3.35, 95 % CI: 1.55, 7.22), and applying ointments on diaper area (AOR: 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.26, 2.97) all increase the likelihood of diaper dermatitis.ConclusionDiaper dermatitis was high in the study hospitals; over one-third experienced it. Maternal occupation, parity, pregnancy status, maternal knowledge of diaper dermatitis, diaper type, and ointment application were significantly associated with diaper dermatitis. Improving maternal/guardian knowledge about diapering and diaper dermatitis is critical to reducing the burden and severity of the problem.

Project description:Escherichia coli commonly inhabits the gut of humans and animals as part of their microbiota. Though mostly innocuous, some strains have virulence markers that make them pathogenic. This paper presents results of a cross-sectional epidemiological study examining prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes in stool samples of asymptomatic healthy children (n = 540) in Dagoretti South subcounty, Nairobi, Kenya. E. coli was cultured and pathotyped using PCR to target specific virulence markers associated with Shiga-toxin, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroaggregative, entero-invasive and diffusely adherent E. coli. Overall prevalence of DEC pathotypes was 20.9% (113/540) with enteropathogenic E. coli being the most prevalent (34.1%), followed by enteroaggregative E. coli (23.5%) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (22.0%) among positive samples. We found evidence of co-infection with multiple pathotypes in 15% of the positive samples. Our models indicated that at the household level, carriage of DEC pathotypes in children was associated with age group [12-18 months] (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.03-3.07; p = 0.04), eating matoke (mashed bananas) (OR 2.32; 95%CI 1.44-3.73; p = 0.001) and pulses/legumes (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.01-2.99; p = 0.046) while livestock ownership or contact showed no significant association with DEC carriage (p>0.05). Our findings revealed significant prevalence of pathogenic DEC circulating among presumptive healthy children in the community. Since there has been no previous evidence of an association between any food type and DEC carriage, unhygienic handling, and preparation of matoke and pulses/legumes could be the reason for significant association with DEC carriage. Children 12-18 months old are more prone to DEC infections due to exploration and hand-to-mouth behavior. A detailed understanding is required on what proportion of positive cases developed severe symptomatology as well as fatal outcomes. The co-infection of pathotypes in the rapidly urbanizing environment needs to be investigated for hybrid or hetero-pathotype circulation that have been implicated in previous infection outbreaks.

Project description:BackgroundIn very young children, anaemia has been linked to increased morbidity, mortality and poor cognitive development. Although Burundi has a high burden of anaemia, which may be worsened by the high burden of malaria, little is known about the extent of the problem in very young children who are most at risk of severe disease. We estimated the prevalence, and assessed the factors associated with anaemia in children aged 6-24 months using baseline data collected as part of an on-going study evaluating the effect of Micronutrient supplementation on anaemia and cognition among children in high malaria transmission settings in Burundi.MethodsBetween February and March 2020, surveys were conducted in 498 households within the catchment area of Mukenke Health Center. One child aged 6-24 months was selected per household to participate in the survey. Following written informed consent, we administered a questionnaire to the child's primary caregiver to capture information on child's demographics, nutritional status, food intake, health (status, and morbidity and treatment-seeking practices), as well as the household markers of wealth. A physical exam was conducted, and a blood sample was collected to: 1) assess for presence of plasmodium infection using a rapid diagnosis test; 2) estimate the haemoglobin levels using a portable haemocue machine. A stool sample was also collected to examine for the presence of helminth infections.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia was 74.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 61.5%-84.0%), with most of the anaemic study participants classified as having moderate anaemia (59.2%). A total of 62 (12.5%) participants had positive malaria rapid diagnosis tests. Factors significantly associated with higher odds of developing anaemia included not receiving deworming medication (adjusted Odd ratio [aOR] = 3.54, 95% CI 1.79-6.99, p<0.001), the child's home location (Mukenke II: aOR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.89-2.62, p<0.001; Mukenke: aOR = 2.76, 95% CI 2.46-3.10, p<0.001 and Budahunga: aOR = 3.12, 95% CI 2. 94-3.31, p<0.001) and the child's age group (Children aged 6-11 months: aOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.32-3.91, p<0.001). Education level was inversely associated with less odds of anaemia: child's primary care giver with a secondary (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.95, p = 0,024) and tertiary education level (aOR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.38-0.61, p<0.001).ConclusionAnaemia is highly prevalent among young children in high malaria transmission setting. Anaemia is more prevalent among children who not dewormed and those with malaria. To prevent the long-term adverse outcomes of the anaemia in children, policy makers should focus on improving uptake of the deworming and malaria prevention programs, promote preventive interventions and improve the education of women especially in families with very young children.

Dataset Information

Diaper dermatitis: a survey of risk factors in Thai children aged under 24?months.

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Diaper dermatitis: a survey of risk factors in Thai children aged under 24 months.

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