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Validation of a low-cost, carbon dioxide-based cryoablation system for percutaneous tumor ablation.

ABSTRACT: Breast cancer rates are rising in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet there is a lack of accessible and cost-effective treatment. As a result, the cancer burden and death rates are highest in LMICs. In an effort to meet this need, our work presents the design and feasibility of a low-cost cryoablation system using widely-available carbon dioxide as the only consumable. This system uses an 8-gauge outer-diameter needle and Joule-Thomson expansion to percutaneously necrose tissue with cryoablation. Bench top experiments characterized temperature dynamics in ultrasound gel demonstrated that isotherms greater than 2 cm were formed. Further, this system was applied to mammary tumors in an in vivo rat model and necrosis was verified by histopathology. Finally, freezing capacity under a large heat load was assessed with an in vivo porcine study, where volumes of necrosis greater than 1.5 cm in diameter confirmed by histopathology were induced in a highly perfused liver after two 7-minute freeze cycles. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a carbon-dioxide based cryoablation system for improving solid tumor treatment options in resource-constrained environments.

SUBMITTER: Surtees B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6608927 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pleural tumor seeding following percutaneous cryoablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Project description:Numerous modalities for hepatic tumor ablation are currently used including ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, and microwave ablation. The results and complications of these various tumor ablation techniques have been reported extensively, with the most data existing for percutaneous RFA. One of the most serious complications from tumor ablation is the seeding of cancer cells along the ablation tract. The incidence and risk factors for tract seeding in RFA have been reported, but little information regarding this complication with other ablation modalities has been reported. We report a case of tumor seeding into the pleural space following percutaneous cryoablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

| S-EPMC3193330 | biostudies-other

Percutaneous cryoablation in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of local tumor progression factors.

Project description:PURPOSE:We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous cryoablation (PC) for early or very early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and assess the risk factors for local tumor progression (LTP) after PC. METHODS:A total of 45 treatment-naïve patients treated with PC for early or very early stage HCCs were included in this retrospective study. The safety of PC was assessed by evaluating procedure-related complications and comparing hepatic function before and after the procedure. The effectiveness was assessed by evaluating technical success, LTP rates, and disease progression (DP) rates. Prognostic factors associated with LTP after PC were also analyzed. RESULTS:Technical success and complete response were achieved in all patients (100%) by 1 month after PC. During a mean of 28.1±15.6 months of follow-up, the incidences of LTP and DP were 11.1% and 37.8%, respectively. The LTP-free and DP-free survival rates were 93.3% and 84.4% at 1 year and 88.9% and 62.2% at 2 years, respectively. Hepatic function was normalized within 3 months after PC. There were no major complications and only one minor complication of small hematoma. On univariate and multivariate analysis, minimal ablative margin <5 mm was the only significant risk factor associated with LTP. CONCLUSION:PC is a safe and effective therapy for patients with early or very early stage HCC. Minimal ablative margin <5 mm was a significant prognostic factor for LTP.

| S-EPMC7051268 | biostudies-literature

Treatment of vulvar and vaginal dysplasia: plasma energy ablation versus carbon dioxide laser ablation.

Project description:ObjectivePlasma energy ablation vaporizes tissues similar to carbon dioxide laser ablation, but is not hindered by the unique hazards and regulation of laser technology. We aimed to evaluate the complication rate and effectiveness of plasma versus laser ablation in the treatment of vulvovaginal high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HSIL).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of women treated with plasma or carbon dioxide laser ablation for histologically proven HSIL of the vulva or vagina from January 2014 to October 2019 at a single institution. Demographic factors, surgical characteristics, and complications were compared by ablation type using Fisher's exact tests. Recurrence-free survival was evaluated by ablation type using Kaplan-Meier curves, weighted log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards ratio estimates.ResultsForty-two women were included; 50% underwent plasma and 50% underwent carbon dioxide laser ablation. Demographic factors were similar between the groups. 50% (n=21) were immunosuppressed, 45.2% (n=19) had prior vulvovaginal HSIL treatment, and 35.7% (n=15) were current smokers. Most women (n=25, 59.5%) were treated for vulvar HSIL, 38.1% (n=16) for vaginal HSIL. Complication rates did not differ by treatment: 9.5% (n=2) for laser ablation versus 4.8% (n=1) for plasma ablation (p=1.0). Over a median follow-up time of 29.3 months (IQR 11.0-45.0 months), recurrence rates were similar: 28.6% in the laser ablation group versus 33.3% in the plasma ablation group (weighted log rank p=0.43; 24-month HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.01).ConclusionPlasma energy ablation of vulvovaginal HSIL has similar complication rates and recurrence risk to carbon dioxide laser ablation. This technique could be considered as an alternative treatment modality for vulvovaginal HSIL and warrants further investigation.

| S-EPMC9415775 | biostudies-literature

Precision and Limits of Detection for Selected Commercially Available, Low-Cost Carbon Dioxide and Methane Gas Sensors.

Project description:The performance of a sensor platform for environmental or industrial monitoring is sensitive to the cost and performance of the individual sensor elements. Thus, the detection limits, accuracy, and precision of commercially available, low-cost carbon dioxide and methane gas concentration sensors were evaluated by precise measurements at known gas concentrations. Sensors were selected based on market availability, cost, power consumption, detection range, and accuracy. A specially constructed gas mixing chamber, coupled to a precision bench-top analyzer, was used to characterize each sensor during a controlled exposure to known gas concentrations. For environmental monitoring, the selected carbon dioxide sensors were characterized around 400 ppm. For methane, the sensor response was first monitored at 0 ppm, close to the typical environmental background. The selected sensors were then evaluated at gas concentrations of several thousand ppm. The determined detection limits accuracy, and precision provides a set of matrices that can be used to evaluate and select sensors for integration into a sensor platform for specific applications.

| S-EPMC6679274 | biostudies-literature

Low cost bio-derived carbon-sprinkled manganese dioxide as an efficient sulfur host for lithium-sulfur batteries.

Project description:Realization of the lithium-sulfur battery system is of major concern because a theoretical cell capacity of 1675 mA h g-1 can be obtained at an average voltage of 2.1 V. The primary issues that hinder the practical applications of this system include its poor utilization of sulfur, limited cycle life and retarded rate performance. In the present study, hemp-derived carbon (C-hemp) is made into a composite with room temperature-synthesized MnO2, which acts as a host for sulfur in the lithium-sulfur battery system. The composite material is characterized physico-chemically and electrochemically using various techniques. This composite exhibits better electrochemical performance as a sulfur carrier compared to pristine carbon. An initial specific capacity of 926 mA h g-1 is obtained at 0.1 C for C-hemp/MnO2-sulfur, which surpasses that of the C-hemp-sulfur sample. C-hemp provides a conductive matrix as well as porous sites for the accommodation of sulfur, while MnO2 exhibits the ability to absorb polysulfide chemically. Thus, this composite is established as a potential cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries.

| S-EPMC9082114 | biostudies-literature

Does California's Low Carbon Fuel Standards reduce carbon dioxide emissions?

Project description:The Low Carbon Fuel Standards (LCFS) represents a new policy approach designed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by applying standards to all stages of motor fuel production. We use the synthetic control and difference-in-differences econometric methods, and Lasso machine learning to analyze the effect of the LCFS on emissions in California's transportation sector. The three different techniques provide robust evidence that the LCFS reduced carbon dioxide emissions in California's transportation sector by around 10%. Furthermore, our calculations show that improved air quality, due to the application of the LCFS, may have benefited California in the magnitude of hundreds of millions of dollars through an increase in worker's productivity.

| S-EPMC6141099 | biostudies-literature

Percutaneous renal cryoablation complicated by hemorrhage.

Project description:The authors describe a case in which a patient underwent percutaneous cryoablation of a suspected right renal cell carcinoma complicated by bleeding. Urgent angiography revealed a lower renal pole arteriovenous (AV) fistula, correlating with the recent treatment site. This AV fistula was successfully treated with coil and Gelfoam embolization. Three days later, the patient's hemoglobin dropped following dialysis. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed an increase in the size of the pararenal hematoma. There were multiple pseudoaneurysms as well as a small AV fistula on repeat angiography. The right main renal artery was coil embolized.

| S-EPMC3193321 | biostudies-other

Impact of liver tumor percutaneous radiofrequency ablation on circulating tumor cells.

Project description:Radiofrequency ablation has become an increasingly common therapeutic technique for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic liver tumors. However, reports on the effect of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are limited. The present study aimed to further investigate the impacts of PRFA on the numbers and phenotypes of CTCs in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic liver tumors. A total of 43 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or 7 types of metastatic liver tumors were treated with PRFA. A total of 5 ml blood per sample were collected from the peripheral circulation 30 min before and 3 days after PRFA. The total number of CTCs significantly increased 3 days after PRFA, and the mesenchymal phenotype CTCs, which also increased significantly, significantly contributed to the overall increase in CTCs. Furthermore, the lymphocyte levels were significantly decreased following PRFA, and the CTC level was significantly higher in patients with decreased lymphocyte levels compared with those with increased lymphocyte levels. Liver tumor PRFA may increase the level of mesenchymal phenotype CTCs, which is significantly associated with the lymphocyte count. Factors pertaining to the performance of PRFA were also investigated in the present research, but no significant results were identified.

| S-EPMC6096180 | biostudies-literature

Skin-to-tumor Distance Predicts Treatment Failure of T1A Renal Cell Carcinoma Following Percutaneous Cryoablation.

Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the impact of skin-to-tumor (STT) distance on the risk for treatment failure following percutaneous cryoablation (PCA).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent PCA with documented T1a recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at 2 academic centers between 2005 and 2015. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and perioperative and postoperative course variables were collected. Additionally, we measured the STT distance by averaging the distance from the skin to the center of the tumor at 0°, 45°, and 90° on preoperative computed tomography imaging.ResultsWe identified 86 patients with documented T1a RCC. The mean age at the time of surgery was 69 years (range: 37-91 years), and the mean tumor size was 2.7 cm (range: 1.0-4.0 cm). With a mean follow-up of 24 months (range: 3-63 months), 11 (12.8%) treatment failures occurred. Patients with treatment failure had significantly higher mean STT distance than those without: 11.0 cm (range: 6.3-20.1 cm) compared to 8.4 cm (range: 4.4-15.2 cm), respectively (P = .002). STT distance was an independent predictor of treatment failure (odds ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.69, P = .029). STT distance greater than 10 cm had a fourfold increased risk of tumor treatment failure (odds ratio: 4.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-16.39, P = .018). Tumor size, R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry score, and number of cryoprobes placed were not associated with treatment failure.ConclusionSTT, an easily measured preoperative variable, may inform the risk of RCC treatment failure following PCA.

| S-EPMC7798419 | biostudies-literature

Carbon Dioxide Laser Microsurgery versus Low-Temperature Plasma Radiofrequency Ablation for T1a Glottic Cancer: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Project description:BackgroundVery few studies have been conducted to compare carbon dioxide laser microsurgery (CO2-LS) with low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation (LTP-RFA) in treating T1a glottic cancer. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare the efficacy of CO2-LS and LTP-RFA to define a superior therapeutic modality for T1a glottic cancer.MethodsPatients (n=131) with T1a glottic cancer were recruited between January 2010 and September 2014. The included patients were randomly assigned to either receive CO2-LS (n=65) or LTP-RFA (n=66). We conducted the following multidimensional vocal assessments: (i) videostroboscopic evaluation; (ii) auditory-perceptual evaluation; (iii) aerodynamics/ efficiency; (iv) acoustics; and (v) self-assessment questionnaires. Meanwhile, the surgery time and three-year overall survival rates in two groups were recorded. The predefined primary endpoint was overall survival, and the minimum follow-up time was set to six months.ResultsAfter treatment, we found that the structure and vibration of vocal cord might recover more quickly in patients receiving LTP-RFA than in patients receiving CO2-LS, and moreover, the patients in the LTP-RFA group had the better vocal functions. Meanwhile, the surgery time was significantly less in the LTP-RFA group (8.83±1.59 minutes) than in the CO2-LS group (12.49±1.40 minutes) (p<0.00001). In addition, the two intervention methods had the similar three-year overall survival rates (94% versus 96%, p=0.58).ConclusionThese results indicated that both LTP-RFA and CO2-LS could effectively treat T1a glottic cancer, and LTP-RFA might have some advantages in voice function. Limited by the relatively small sample size, future studies were needed to validate our conclusion.

| S-EPMC6241367 | biostudies-literature

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