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Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Inflammation and Reward Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Endotoxin.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:There are robust sex differences in the prevalence of depression. Inflammation and anhedonia may play a role in understanding these sex differences. Indeed, sex differences in inflammation-induced neural responses to reward may provide insight into the sex gaps in depression, but no study has examined this question. METHODS:As such, the current study examined whether there were sex differences in reward-related neural activity (i.e., ventral striatum [VS] activity) in response to an experimental inflammatory challenge. Human participants (N = 115; 69 female) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or low-dose endotoxin, which increases inflammation in a safe, time-limited manner. Two hours after receiving placebo or endotoxin (the height of the inflammatory response to endotoxin), participants completed a task in which they anticipated monetary reward in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner. RESULTS:Results demonstrated that endotoxin (vs. placebo) led to reduced VS activity in anticipation of reward and that there were sex differences in this effect. Specifically, in female participants, endotoxin (vs. placebo) led to decreased VS activity in anticipation of reward, but this effect was not present in male participants. In addition, within the endotoxin condition, decreases in VS activity in anticipation of reward were related to increases in inflammation for female but not male participants. CONCLUSIONS:These findings may have implications for understanding how inflammation may contribute to sex differences in rates of depression.

SUBMITTER: Moieni M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6612452 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Inflammation and Reward Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Endotoxin.

Moieni Mona M Tan Kevin M KM Inagaki Tristen K TK Muscatell Keely A KA Dutcher Janine M JM Jevtic Ivana I Breen Elizabeth C EC Irwin Michael R MR Eisenberger Naomi I NI

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging 20190403 7

<h4>Background</h4>There are robust sex differences in the prevalence of depression. Inflammation and anhedonia may play a role in understanding these sex differences. Indeed, sex differences in inflammation-induced neural responses to reward may provide insight into the sex gaps in depression, but no study has examined this question.<h4>Methods</h4>As such, the current study examined whether there were sex differences in reward-related neural activity (i.e., ventral striatum [VS] activity) in r ...[more]

PMID: 31103547

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Project description:Background:Metabolic endotoxemia is associated with obesity and contributes to postprandial inflammation. Objective:We aimed to determine if low-fat yogurt consumption prevents postprandial inflammation and dysmetabolism in healthy women by inhibiting biomarkers of metabolic endotoxemia. Methods:Premenopausal women defined as obese and nonobese [body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) 30-40 and 18.5-27, respectively, n = 120] were randomly assigned to consume 339 g of low-fat yogurt (YN, yogurt nonobese; YO, yogurt obese) or 324 g of soy pudding (CN, control nonobese; CO, control obese) for 9 wk (n = 30/group). The intervention foods each supplied 330 kcal with 3 g fat, 66 g carbohydrate, and 4-6 g protein. At weeks 0 and 9, participants ingested 226 g of yogurt or 216 g of soy pudding before a meal providing 56-60 g fat, 82 g carbohydrate, and 28-30 g protein. Plasma soluble CD14 (sCD14), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), LPS activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), glucose, triglyceride, and insulin were measured hourly for 4 h to assess differences in postprandial responses between groups by 2-factor ANOVA. Results:Premeal yogurt consumption prevented the postprandial decrease in sCD14 net incremental area under the curve (net iAUC) by 72% in obese individuals at week 0 (P = 0.0323). YN and YO had ?40% lower net iAUC of LBP-to-sCD14 ratio and plasma IL-6 concentration than CN and CO, respectively (P < 0.05). CO had postprandial hyperglycemia which was not evident in YO; in contrast YN had 57% less postprandial hypoglycemia than did CN (P-interaction = 0.0013). After 9 wk of yogurt consumption, ?AUC of LBP-to-sCD14 ratios of YO and YN were less than half of those of the control groups (P = 0.0093). Conclusion:Yogurt consumption improved postprandial metabolism and biomarkers of metabolic endotoxemia in healthy premenopausal women. Premeal yogurt consumption is a feasible strategy to inhibit postprandial dysmetabolism and thus may reduce cardiometabolic risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01686204.

Dataset Information

Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Inflammation and Reward Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Endotoxin.

Publications

Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Inflammation and Reward Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Endotoxin.

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