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Lymphocytopenia as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with ICU-Acquired Pneumonia.

ABSTRACT: Intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia (ICU-AP) is a severe complication in patients admitted to the ICU. Lymphocytopenia is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, but its impact on ICU-AP prognosis is unknown. We aimed to evaluate whether lymphocytopenia is an independent risk factor for mortality in non-immunocompromised patients with ICU-AP. Prospective observational cohort study of patients from six ICUs of an 800-bed tertiary teaching hospital (2005 to 2016). Of the 473 patients included, 277 (59%) had ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the lymphocyte counts at diagnosis showed that 595 cells/mm3 was the best cut-off for discriminating two groups of patients at risk: lymphocytopenic group (lymphocyte count <595 cells/mm3, 141 patients (30%)) and non-lymphocytopenic group (lymphocyte count ≥595 cells/mm3, 332 patients (70%)). Patients with lymphocytopenia presented more comorbidities and a higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at the moment of pneumonia diagnosis. Also, 28-day mortality and 90-day mortality were higher in patients with lymphocytopenia (28-day: 38 (27%) versus 59 (18%), 90-day: 74 (53%) versus 111 (34%)). In the multivariable model, <595 cells/mm3 resulted to be an independent predictor for 90-day mortality (Hazard Ratio 1.41; 95% Confidence Interval 1.02 to 1.94). Lymphocytopenia is an independent predictor of 90-day mortality in non-immunocompromised patients with ICU-AP.

SUBMITTER: Ceccato A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6617552 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lymphocytopenia as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with ICU-Acquired Pneumonia.

Ceccato Adrian A Panagiotarakou Meropi M Ranzani Otavio T OT Martin-Fernandez Marta M Almansa-Mora Raquel R Gabarrus Albert A Bueno Leticia L Cilloniz Catia C Liapikou Adamantia A Ferrer Miquel M Bermejo-Martin Jesus F JF Torres Antoni A

Journal of clinical medicine 20190613 6

<h4>Background</h4>Intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia (ICU-AP) is a severe complication in patients admitted to the ICU. Lymphocytopenia is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, but its impact on ICU-AP prognosis is unknown. We aimed to evaluate whether lymphocytopenia is an independent risk factor for mortality in non-immunocompromised patients with ICU-AP.<h4>Methods</h4>Prospective observational cohort study of patients from six ICUs of an 800-bed terti ...[more]

PMID: 31200458

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Project description:BackgroundOlder patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are at high risk for short-term mortality. Activity of daily living (ADL) is associated with clinical outcomes in older patients. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of ADL upon admission on the in-hospital mortality in older patients with CAP.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients aged ≥65 years admitted to Beijing Chao-Yang hospital due to CAP between June 2012 and June 2020. ADL evaluation upon admission was performed by Barthel Index (BI). Data from all patients were extracted from the electronic medical records.ResultsFour thousand eight hundred eighty patients were included, 131 patients (2.7%) died during their hospitalization. Median BI in the Deceased group was 45 (20-65), Deceased group had lower BI scores than Survivors group (p < 0.001). Low BI (< 60) was more frequent in patients who died in the hospital than in patients discharged alive (69.5% vs. 13%, p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher among patients with worse ADL upon admission (BI< 60) compared to those BI≥60 (12.6% vs. 0.9%). The worse ADL upon admission (BI< 60) was associated with an increase in the risk of death during CAP hospitalization, worse ADL upon admission (BI< 60) showed an odds ratio (OR) for in-hospital mortality of 7.53 (95%CI: 2.77-20.48; P < 0.01). This association remained significant after adjustment for age, comorbid conditions, respiratory failure, pathogens and laboratory findings (OR, 3.74; 95%CI, 2.37-5.91; P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that BI upon admission is a predictor related to in-hospital mortality in elderly patients, the area under the ROC curve of BI in predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.81 (with 95% confidence interval: 0.78-0.85). The predictive value of ADL upon admission was better than age in our study population.ConclusionActivity of daily living upon admission is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in older patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Project description:BackgroundEarly appropriate antibiotic therapy reduces morbidity and mortality of severe pneumonia. However, the emergence of bacterial resistance requires the earliest use of antibiotics with the narrowest possible spectrum. The Unyvero Hospitalized Pneumonia (HPN, Curetis) test is a multiplex PCR (M-PCR) system detecting 21 bacteria and 19 resistance genes on respiratory samples within 5 h. We assessed the performance and the potential impact of the M-PCR on the antibiotic therapy of ICU patients.MethodsIn this prospective study, we performed a M-PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or plugged telescoping catheter (PTC) samples of patients with ventilated HAP or VAP with Gram-negative bacilli or clustered Gram-positive cocci. This study was conducted in 3 ICUs in a French academic hospital: the medical and infectious diseases ICU, the surgical ICU, and the cardio-surgical ICU. A multidisciplinary expert panel simulated the antibiotic changes they would have made if the M-PCR results had been available.ResultsWe analyzed 95 clinical samples of ventilated HAP or VAP (72 BAL and 23 PTC) from 85 patients (62 males, median age 64 years). The median turnaround time of the M-PCR was 4.6 h (IQR 4.4-5). A total of 90/112 bacteria were detected by the M-PCR system with a global sensitivity of 80% (95% CI, 73-88%) and specificity of 99% (95% CI 99-100). The sensitivity was better for Gram-negative bacteria (90%) than for Gram-positive cocci (62%) (p = 0.005). Moreover, 5/8 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (CTX-M gene) and 4/4 carbapenemases genes (3 NDM, one oxa-48) were detected. The M-PCR could have led to the earlier initiation of an effective antibiotic in 20/95 patients (21%) and to early de-escalation in 37 patients (39%) but could also have led to one (1%) inadequate antimicrobial therapy. Among 17 empiric antibiotic treatments with carbapenems, 10 could have been de-escalated in the following hours according to the M-PCR results. The M-PCR also led to 2 unexpected diagnosis of severe legionellosis confirmed by culture methods.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of a M-PCR system for respiratory samples of patients with VAP and ventilated HAP could improve empirical antimicrobial therapy and reduce the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

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Lymphocytopenia as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with ICU-Acquired Pneumonia.

Publications

Lymphocytopenia as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with ICU-Acquired Pneumonia.

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