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Diet and risk of glioma: combined analysis of 3 large prospective studies in the UK and USA.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Available evidence on diet and glioma risk comes mainly from studies with retrospective collection of dietary data. To minimize possible differential dietary recall between those with and without glioma, we present findings from 3 large prospective studies. METHODS:Participants included 692?176 from the UK Million Women Study, 470?780 from the US National Institutes of Health-AARP study, and 99?148 from the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Cox regression yielded study-specific adjusted relative risks for glioma in relation to 15 food groups, 14 nutrients, and 3 dietary patterns, which were combined, weighted by inverse variances of the relative risks. Separate analyses by <5 and ?5 years follow-up assessed potential biases related to changes of diet before glioma diagnosis. RESULTS:The 1?262?104 participants (mean age, 60.6 y [SD 5.5] at baseline) were followed for 15.4 million person-years (mean 12.2 y/participant), during which 2313 incident gliomas occurred, at mean age 68.2 (SD 6.4). Overall, there was weak evidence for increased glioma risks associated with increasing intakes of total fruit, citrus fruit, and fiber and healthy dietary patterns, but these associations were generally null after excluding the first 5 years of follow-up. There was little evidence for heterogeneity of results by study or by sex. CONCLUSIONS:The largest prospective evidence to date suggests little, if any, association between major food groups, nutrients, or common healthy dietary patterns and glioma incidence. With the statistical power of this study and the comprehensive nature of the investigation here, it seems unlikely we have overlooked major effects of diet on risk of glioma that would be of public health concern.

SUBMITTER: Kuan AS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6620629 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diet and risk of glioma: combined analysis of 3 large prospective studies in the UK and USA.

Kuan Ai Seon AS Green Jane J Kitahara Cari M CM Berrington De González Amy A Key Tim T K Reeves Gillian G Floud Sarah S Balkwill Angela A Bradbury Kathryn K Liao Linda M LM Freedman Neal D ND Beral Valerie V Sweetland Siân S

Neuro-oncology 20190701 7

<h4>Background</h4>Available evidence on diet and glioma risk comes mainly from studies with retrospective collection of dietary data. To minimize possible differential dietary recall between those with and without glioma, we present findings from 3 large prospective studies.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants included 692 176 from the UK Million Women Study, 470 780 from the US National Institutes of Health-AARP study, and 99 148 from the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Tri ...[more]

PMID: 30690490

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Project description:BackgroundSocial isolation has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. However, it is unclear whether the associations differ between fatal and non-fatal events or by the type of isolation (living alone or having few social contacts). We aimed to examine these associations in two large UK prospective cohorts.MethodsMillion Women Study and UK Biobank participants without previous coronary heart disease or stroke who provided data in median year 2010 (IQR 2009-2011) on social contacts were included in this prospective analysis. Participants were followed up to median year 2017 (2017-2017) by electronic linkage to national hospital and death records. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using Cox regression for first coronary heart disease and stroke event (overall, and separately for hospital admission as the first event and for death without an associated hospital admission as the first event) by three levels of social isolation (based on living alone, contact with family or friends, and group participation) adjusted for age, sex, study, region, deprivation, smoking, alcohol intake, body-mass index, physical activity, and self-rated health.Findings938 558 participants were included in our analyses (mean age 63 years [SD 9]): 481 946 participants from the Million Women Study (mean age 68 years [5]) and 456 612 participants (mean age 57 years [8]) from UK Biobank. During a mean follow-up period of 7 years (2), 42 402 first coronary heart disease events (of which 1834 were fatal without an associated hospital admission) and 19 999 first stroke events (of which 529 were fatal without an associated hospital admission) occurred. Little, if any, association was found between social isolation and hospital admission for a first coronary heart disease or stroke event (combined RR for both studies 1·01 [95% CI 0·98-1·04] for coronary heart disease and 1·13 [1·08-1·18] for stroke, when comparing the most isolated group with the least isolated group). However, the risk of death without an associated hospital admission was substantially higher in the most isolated group than the least isolated group for coronary heart disease (1·86 [1·63-2·12]) and stroke (1·91 [1·48-2·46]). For coronary heart disease or stroke death as the first event, RRs were substantially higher (test for heterogeneity, p=0·002) for participants living alone versus those not living alone (1·60 [1·46-1·75]) than for those with fewer versus more contact with family, friends, or groups (1·27 [1·16-1·38]). These findings did not differ greatly between studies, or by self-rated health.InterpretationSocial isolation seems to have little direct effect on the risk of developing a first coronary heart disease or stroke. By contrast, social isolation substantially increases the risk that the first such event is fatal before reaching hospital, particularly among people who live alone, perhaps because of the absence of immediate help in responding to an acute heart attack or stroke.FundingUK Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK.

Dataset Information

Diet and risk of glioma: combined analysis of 3 large prospective studies in the UK and USA.

Publications

Diet and risk of glioma: combined analysis of 3 large prospective studies in the UK and USA.

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