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ABSTRACT: Objectives
The aim of this study is to determine the association between length of time in the USA with blood lead (BPb).Design
Population-based cross-sectional study using data from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Setting
USA.Participants
5933 men and women (?15 years); subgroups of men only (n=2867), women only (n=3064) and women of childbearing age (15-45 years) (n=1580).Primary and secondary outcomes
The primary outcome was BPb concentration. The main exposure variable was self-reported number of years spent in the USA, categorised as: born in the USA; 0-4 years; 5-9 years; 10-19 years and ?20 years. We used linear regression models adjusted for race/ethnicity, education, blood cotinine, age, sex (as appropriate) and accounted for complex survey design.Results
Women of childbearing age who have lived 0-4 years in the USA have, on average, a 54% (95% CI 36% to 75%) higher BPb compared with women born in the USA. Corresponding results for all women, men and the entire population were 49% (95% CI 34% to 66%), 49% (95% CI 28% to 75%) and 49% (95% CI 33% to 66%), respectively. Similar, statistically significant, results were observed for other time periods (5-9 years, 10-19 years and ?20 years); the magnitude of the association decreased with increasing time in the USA.Conclusions
This study provides additional evidence that newcomers to the USA may be a population at higher risk of elevated BPb.
SUBMITTER: Horton CJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6624031 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Horton Christelene Jack CJ Acharya Lalatendu L Wells Ellen M EM
BMJ open 20190710 7
<h4>Objectives</h4>The aim of this study is to determine the association between length of time in the USA with blood lead (BPb).<h4>Design</h4>Population-based cross-sectional study using data from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.<h4>Setting</h4>USA.<h4>Participants</h4>5933 men and women (≥15 years); subgroups of men only (n=2867), women only (n=3064) and women of childbearing age (15-45 years) (n=1580).<h4>Primary and secondary outcomes</h4>The primary outcome w ...[more]