Dataset Information

Ultrasonication-Assisted and Benzimidazolium-Based Bronsted Acid Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transesterification of Castor Oil.

ABSTRACT: In this investigation, we report the synthesis of biodiesel using benzimidazolium-based brønsted acid ionic liquid (BBAIL) catalyst under the influence of ultrasonication. The prepared BBAIL catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy techniques, and its acidity was determined by the Hammett method with 4-nitroaniline as the indicator. Ultrasonicator horn (22 kHz, 500 W) was used in this work with an on-off cycle of 50-20 s at 70% amplitude. The highest biodiesel yield of 96% was achieved by ultrasonication when 1:10 molar ratio of castor oil to methyl alcohol was used at 50 °C temperature with 9 mol % of the catalyst in just 90 min, which is about 10 times lesser than the process without ultrasonication. At similar conditions, 96% biodiesel yield was obtained in 14 h without ultrasonication. In summary, ultrasonication proved to be an efficient way to improve biodiesel synthesis in less time and BBAIL showed excellent activity toward the conversion of glycerides to synthesize biodiesel. Other important highlights are easy separation of the catalyst and recyclability up to three cycles with small decrease in its activity.

SUBMITTER: Patle DS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6643412 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ultrasonication-Assisted and Benzimidazolium-Based Brønsted Acid Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transesterification of Castor Oil.

Patle Dipesh S DS Sharma Swapnil S Gadhamsetti Akhil Premkumar AP Balinge Kamlesh Rudreshwar KR Bhagat Pundlik Rambhau PR Pandit Sanket S Kumar Sushil S

ACS omega 20181114 11

In this investigation, we report the synthesis of biodiesel using benzimidazolium-based brønsted acid ionic liquid (BBAIL) catalyst under the influence of ultrasonication. The prepared BBAIL catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy techniques, and its acidity was determined by the Hammett method with 4-nitroaniline as the indicator. Ultrasonicator horn (22 kHz, 500 W) was used in this work with an on-off cycle of 50-20 s at 70% amplitude. The highest biodiese ...[more]

PMID: 31458201

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Project description:To produce biodiesel cost-effective, low-cost, high free fatty acid (FFA) oil feedstock is desirable. But high FFA creates difficulty during the base-catalyzed transesterification process by yield loss due to the formation of soap. However, these problems are overcome by the use of an acid catalyst. The acid catalysts can directly convert both triglycerides and FFAs into biodiesel without the formation of soaps or emulsions. The shortcomings of mostly used inorganic acids are that they work well for esterification of FFA present in low-cost oil, but their kinetics for transesterification of triglycerides present in oils is considerably slower. Corrosion of equipment is another major problem associated with an inorganic acid catalyst. The usage of an organic acid catalyst of the alkyl benzene sulfonic type, like 4-dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) minimizes these disadvantages of inorganic acid-catalyzed transesterification. The aim of the present investigation was to reduce the reaction time of transesterification of triglycerides further by using microwaves as a heating source in the presence of DBSA catalyst to achieve higher conversions under mild operating conditions. To optimize the transesterification variables for the higher conversion of biodiesel, the response surface methodology was employed to design the experiment. By using the DBSA catalyst under microwave heating at a temperature of 76 °C, conversion close to 100% in only 30 min of reaction time was obtained using a 0.09 molar ratio of catalyst to oil and 9.0 molar ratio of methanol to oil. A modified polynomial model was developed and was adequately fitted with the experimental data and could be used for understanding the effect of various process parameters. The catalyst to oil molar ratio and reaction temperature created a stronger effect on the biodiesel production than that exhibited by the methanol to oil molar ratio. It was observed that the microwave heating process outperformed conventional heating, providing a rapid, easy method for biodiesel synthesis from triglycerides in the presence of DBSA, an organic acid catalyst. The produced biodiesel was of good quality, as all the properties were within the prescribed limits of the ASTM D6751 standard.

Dataset Information

Ultrasonication-Assisted and Benzimidazolium-Based Bronsted Acid Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transesterification of Castor Oil.

Publications

Ultrasonication-Assisted and Benzimidazolium-Based Brønsted Acid Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transesterification of Castor Oil.

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