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Luminescent Sodium Deoxycholate Ionogel Induced by Eu³⁺ in Ethylammonium Nitrate.

ABSTRACT: Hydrogels based on bile salts and lanthanide ions have been reported for their easy gelation. However, the weak mechanical properties and water quenching to luminescence of lanthanide ions limit their applications in practice. Hence, a supramolecular ionogel has been prepared here through simply mixing of sodium deoxycholate and europium nitrate in a protic ionic liquid, ethylammonium nitrate (EAN). The prepared ionogel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, fluorescence spectroscopy, and rheological measurements. Such an ionogel resulted synergistically from metal coordination and hydrogen bonding. The effect of the solvent structure on gel properties was also explored by comparison with those formed in alkylammonium nitrates with longer chains. EAN was found to behave more effectively both as a solvent and a bridge to enhance the ionogel mechanical strength. The ionogels also exhibited better fluorescent properties than those of the corresponding hydrogels. The obtained results should expand the applications of lanthanide-containing luminescent soft materials in nonaqueous media. It is expected to apply in the fields of solid electrolytes, biosensors, and optics response.

SUBMITTER: Li X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6648304 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Luminescent Sodium Deoxycholate Ionogel Induced by Eu<sup>3+</sup> in Ethylammonium Nitrate.

Li Xueyuan X Li Qintang Q Lei Nana N Chen Xiao X

ACS omega 20190131 1

Hydrogels based on bile salts and lanthanide ions have been reported for their easy gelation. However, the weak mechanical properties and water quenching to luminescence of lanthanide ions limit their applications in practice. Hence, a supramolecular ionogel has been prepared here through simply mixing of sodium deoxycholate and europium nitrate in a protic ionic liquid, ethylammonium nitrate (EAN). The prepared ionogel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy-dispersive s ...[more]

PMID: 31459482

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Project description:A family of homodinuclear Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Gd3+, Eu3+) luminescent complexes with the general formula [Ln2(β-diketonato)6(N-oxide)y] has been developed to study the effect of the β-diketonato and N-oxide ligands on their thermometric properties. The investigated complexes are [Ln2(tta)6(pyrzMO)2] (Ln = Eu (1·C7H8), Gd (5)), [Ln2(dbm)6(pyrzMO)2] (Ln = Eu (2), Gd (6)), [Ln2(bta)6(pyrzMO)2] (Ln = Eu (3), Gd (7)), [Ln2(hfac)6(pyrzMO)3] (Ln = Eu (4), Gd (8)) (pyrzMO = pyrazine N-oxide, Htta = thenoyltrifluoroacetone, Hdbm = dibenzoylmethane, Hbta = benzoyltrifluoroacetone, Hhfac = hexafluoroacetylacetone, C7H8 = toluene), and their 4,4'-bipyridine N-oxide (bipyMO) analogues. Europium complexes emit a bright red light under UV radiation at room temperature, whose intensity displays a strong temperature (T) dependence between 223 and 373 K. This remarkable variation is exploited to develop a series of luminescent thermometers by using the integrated intensity of the 5D0 → 7F2 europium transition as the thermometric parameter (Δ). The effect of different β-diketonato and N-oxide ligands is investigated with particular regard to the shape of thermometer calibration (Δ vs T) and relative thermal sensitivity curves: i.e.. the change in Δ per degree of temperature variation usually indicated as Sr (% K-1). The thermometric properties are determined by the presence of two nonradiative deactivation channels, back energy transfer (BEnT) from Eu3+ to the ligand triplet levels and ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT). In the complexes bearing tta and dbm ligands, whose triplet energy is ca. 20000 cm-1, both deactivation channels are active in the same temperature range, and both contribute to determine the thermometric properties. Conversely, with bta and hfac ligands the response of the europium luminescence to temperature variation is ruled by LMCT channels since the high triplet energy (>21400 cm-1) makes BEnT ineffective in the investigated temperature range.

Project description:BackgroundAntimicrobial combinations have been proven as a promising approach in the confrontation with multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens. In the present study, we identify and characterize a synergistic interaction of broad-spectrum nitroreductase-activated prodrugs 5-nitrofurans, with a secondary bile salt, Sodium Deoxycholate (DOC) in growth inhibition and killing of enterobacteria.ResultsUsing checkerboard assay, we show that combination of nitrofuran furazolidone (FZ) and DOC generates a profound synergistic effect on growth inhibition in several enterobacterial species including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Citrobacter gillenii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) for DOC-FZ synergy ranges from 0.125 to 0.35 that remains unchanged in an ampicillin-resistant E. coli strain containing a β-lactamase-producing plasmid. Findings from the time-kill assay further highlight the synergy with respect to bacterial killing in E. coli and Salmonella. We further characterize the mechanism of synergy in E. coli K12, showing that disruption of the tolC or acrA genes that encode components of multidrug efflux pumps causes, respectively, a complete or partial loss, of the DOC-FZ synergy. This finding indicates the key role of TolC-associated efflux pumps in the DOC-FZ synergy. Overexpression of Nitric Oxide-detoxifying enzyme Hmp results in a three-fold increase in FICI for DOC-FZ interaction, suggesting a role of nitric oxide in the synergy. We further demonstrate that DOC-FZ synergy is largely independent of NfsA and NfsB, the two major activation enzymes of the nitrofuran prodrugs.ConclusionsThis study is to our knowledge the first report of nitrofuran-deoxycholate synergy against Gram-negative bacteria, offering potential applications in antimicrobial therapeutics. The mechanism of DOC-FZ synergy involves FZ-mediated inhibition of TolC-associated efflux pumps that normally remove DOC from bacterial cells. One possible route contributing to that effect is via FZ-mediated nitric oxide production.

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Luminescent Sodium Deoxycholate Ionogel Induced by Eu³⁺ in Ethylammonium Nitrate.

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Luminescent Sodium Deoxycholate Ionogel Induced by Eu<sup>3+</sup> in Ethylammonium Nitrate.

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Luminescent Sodium Deoxycholate Ionogel Induced by Eu3+ in Ethylammonium Nitrate.

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Luminescent Sodium Deoxycholate Ionogel Induced by Eu<sup>3+</sup> in Ethylammonium Nitrate.

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Luminescent Sodium Deoxycholate Ionogel Induced by Eu³⁺ in Ethylammonium Nitrate.