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Methylene Blue-Loaded Upconverting Hydrogel Nanocomposite: Potential Material for Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy Application.

ABSTRACT: The property of upconverting nanoparticles to convert the low-energy near-infrared (NIR) light into high-energy visible light has made them a potential candidate for various biomedical applications including photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, we show how a surface functionalization approach on the nanoparticle can be used to develop a nanocomposite hydrogel which can be of potential use for the PDT application. The upconverting hydrogel nanocomposite was synthesized by reacting 10-undecenoic acid-capped Yb³⁺/Er³⁺-doped NaYF₄ nanoparticles with the thermosensitive N-isopropylacrylamide monomer. The formation of hydrogel was completed within 15 min and hydrogel nanocomposites showed strong enhancement in the visible light emission compared to the emission obtained from 10-undecenoic acid-capped Yb³⁺/Er³⁺-doped NaYF₄ nanoparticles via the upconversion process (under 980 nm laser excitation). The upconverting hydrogel nanocomposites displayed high swelling behavior in water because of their porous nature. The porous structure ensured a higher loading of methylene blue dye (?78% in 1 h) into the upconverting hydrogel, which was achieved via the swelling diffusion phenomenon. Upon excitation with the NIR light, the visible light emitted from the hydrogel activated the photosensitizer methylene blue which generated reactive oxygen species. Our results were able to show that the methylene blue-loaded composite hydrogel can be a potential platform for the future of NIR-triggered PDT in skin cancer treatment.

SUBMITTER: Meesaragandla B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6649247 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Methylene Blue-Loaded Upconverting Hydrogel Nanocomposite: Potential Material for Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy Application.

Meesaragandla Brahmaiah B Sarkar Debashrita D Mahalingam Venkataramanan V

ACS omega 20190213 2

The property of upconverting nanoparticles to convert the low-energy near-infrared (NIR) light into high-energy visible light has made them a potential candidate for various biomedical applications including photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, we show how a surface functionalization approach on the nanoparticle can be used to develop a nanocomposite hydrogel which can be of potential use for the PDT application. The upconverting hydrogel nanocomposite was synthesized by reacting 10-undecen ...[more]

PMID: 31459534

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Project description:A promising alternative to antibiotics for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections is photodynamic inactivation (PDI), which employs a photosensitizer (PS) that produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to molecular oxygen and antimicrobial blue light in the spectrum of 400-470 nm. Although the precise mechanistic basis of PDI has not been defined, the formation of ROS and free radicals that oxidize a number of cellular targets, including membrane lipids, damage to proteins and nucleic acids result in inactivation of essential cellular functions and subsequent cell death. Because PDI is non-selective and affects multiple cellular targets, development of resistance or tolerance to PDI has been considered to be unlikely and attempts to induce S. aureus resistance or tolerance upon repeated sub-lethal doses of PDI have not succeeded. However, multiple aspects of PDI suggest that development of tolerance is highly probable, in particular when PDI is used for treatment of infections where the environment at the infection site prevents penetration of PDI at a level sufficient to cause death of all bacteria and with tolerant phenotypes emerging from the surviving bacteria. In this study, we sought to identify the mechanisms that contribute to PDI tolerance in S. aureus. S. aureus HG003 and the isogenic HG003DmutSL strain with defects in DNA mismatch repair were used to evaluate the response of S. aureus and the roles of DNA mismatch repair and gene regulatory networks to repeated sublethal doses of PDI. Global transcriptome and genome analyses were used in an agnostic approach to identify the underlying transcriptional responses and genetic adaptations that occur as a result of repeated PDI and contribute to PDI tolerance. Our results reveal multiple metabolic, transport and cell wall biogenesis pathways that contribute to PDI tolerance, and a S. aureus regulatory gene likely responsible for the adaptive transcriptional response to PDI.

Dataset Information

Methylene Blue-Loaded Upconverting Hydrogel Nanocomposite: Potential Material for Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy Application.

Publications

Methylene Blue-Loaded Upconverting Hydrogel Nanocomposite: Potential Material for Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy Application.

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