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Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica of Chicken Meat and Human Origin Under Surveillance in Sri Lanka.

ABSTRACT: A total of 73 nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates, 33 from raw chicken meat and 40 from routine clinical specimens, were collected between 2015 and 2017 from eight cities in Sri Lanka for a pilot study of whole-genome sequencing for Salmonella surveillance. The isolates were characterized by conventional serotyping and whole-genome sequencing. The raw sequenced data were assembled and analyzed to predict Salmonella serotypes, determine sequence type (ST) profiles of genome and plasmid, and identify plasmid replicon sequences and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. The most common serovar isolated from chicken meat was Salmonella enterica serovar Agona of ST13 (n?=?16), in contrast to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis of ST11 (n?=?21) in human. Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis is the only serovar that was overlapping between human and chicken meat. The level of agreement between serotyping and serotype prediction results was 100%. Among the 33 chicken isolates, multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in five isolates, including two Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST314, which harbored six different classes of AMR determinants. Among the 40 human isolates, MDR was detected in two Salmonella enterica serovar Chester (ST2063) isolates containing five different antibiotic classes of AMR determinants. Out of 73 isolates, the only human Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain of ST36 was found to possess extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene, blaCTX-M-15, and it was positive for ESBL production. In summary, this study identified S. enterica serovars that were dominating in chicken meat and human and showed the genomic differences among the chicken meat and human strains. It should be noted that the limited number of isolates and sampling at a different time period means that thorough source attribution is not possible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of whole-genome sequencing analysis of nontyphoidal S. enterica isolated from chicken meat and human in Sri Lanka.

SUBMITTER: Tay MYF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6653781 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:UnlabelledNontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) infections are a major burden to global public health, as they lead to diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to systemic infections and there is currently no vaccine available. Here, we describe a highly effective component vaccine against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in both gastroenteritis and systemic murine infection models. We devised an approach to generate supernatants of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, an organism that is highly abundant in virulence factors. Immunization of mice with this supernatant resulted in dramatic protection against a challenge with serovar Typhimurium, showing increased survival in the systemic model and decreased intestinal pathology in the gastrointestinal model. Protection correlated with specific IgA and IgG levels in the serum and specific secretory IgA levels in the feces of immunized mice. Initial characterization of the protective antigens in the bacterial culture supernatants revealed a subset of antigens that exhibited remarkable stability, a highly desirable characteristic of an effective vaccine to be used under suboptimal environmental conditions in developing countries. We were able to purify a subset of the peptides present in the supernatants and show their potential for immunization of mice against serovar Typhimurium resulting in a decreased level of colonization. This component vaccine shows promise with regard to protecting against NTS, and further work should significantly help to establish vaccines against these prevalent infections.ImportanceSalmonella enterica infections other than typhoid and paratyphoid fever are a major global health burden, as they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Strategies that prevent Salmonella-related diseases are greatly needed, and there is a significant push for the development of vaccines against nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica serovars. In this work, we describe an S. Typhimurium supernatant-derived vaccine that is effective in reducing bacterial colonization in mouse models of gastroenteritis as well as invasive disease. This is a component vaccine that shows high stability to heat, a feature that is important for use under suboptimal conditions, such as those found in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica of Chicken Meat and Human Origin Under Surveillance in Sri Lanka.

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