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Acoustic droplet vaporization-mediated dissolved oxygen scavenging in blood-mimicking fluids, plasma, and blood.

ABSTRACT: Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) has been shown to reduce the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in a fluid. The goals of this study were three-fold: 1) to determine the ADV pressure amplitude threshold in fluids that had physiologically relevant values for surface tension, protein concentration, and viscosity; 2) to assess whether these parameters and fluid mixing affect ADV-mediated PO2 reduction; and 3) to assess the feasibility of ADV-mediated PO2 reduction in plasma and whole blood. In vitro ADV experiments were conducted using perfluoropentane droplets (number density: 5?×?106?±?0.2?×?106/mL) dispersed in fluids (saline, polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions, porcine plasma, or porcine whole blood) that had a physiological range of surface tensions (62-68?mN/m), protein concentrations (0 and 68.7?mg/mL), and viscosities (0.7-4 cP). Droplets were exposed to pulsed ultrasound (5?MHz, 4.25?MPa peak negative pressure) while passing through a 37?°C flow system with inline PO2 sensors. In select experiments, the fluid also passed through mixing channels after ultrasound exposure. Our results revealed that the ADV pressure thresholds were the same for all fluids. Surface tension and protein concentration had no effect on PO2 reduction. Increasing viscosity attenuated PO2 reduction. However, the attenuated effect was absent after fluid mixing. Furthermore, ADV-mediated PO2 reduction in whole blood (30.8?±?3.2?mmHg) was less than that in a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution (40.2?±?2.1?mmHg) with equal viscosity. These findings should be considered when planning clinical studies of ADV-mediated PO2 reduction and other biomedical applications of ADV.

SUBMITTER: Mercado-Shekhar KP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6659737 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Acoustic droplet vaporization-mediated dissolved oxygen scavenging in blood-mimicking fluids, plasma, and blood.

Mercado-Shekhar Karla P KP Su Haili H Kalaikadal Deepak S DS Lorenz John N JN Manglik Raj M RM Holland Christy K CK Redington Andrew N AN Haworth Kevin J KJ

Ultrasonics sonochemistry 20190328

Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) has been shown to reduce the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in a fluid. The goals of this study were three-fold: 1) to determine the ADV pressure amplitude threshold in fluids that had physiologically relevant values for surface tension, protein concentration, and viscosity; 2) to assess whether these parameters and fluid mixing affect ADV-mediated PO2 reduction; and 3) to assess the feasibility of ADV-mediated PO2 reduction ...[more]

PMID: 31101245

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Project description:One of the major challenges in developing acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV)-associated therapy as an effective and safe strategy is the precise determination of the spatial cellular bioeffects after ADV (cell death or cell membrane permeabilization). In this study, we combined high-speed camera imaging and live-cell microscopic imaging to observe the transient dynamics of droplets during ADV and to evaluate the mechanical force on cells. Methods: C6 glioma cells were co-incubated with DiI-labeled droplets (radius: 1.5, 2.25, and 3.0 μm). We used an acousto-optical system for high-speed bright-field (500 kfps) and fluorescence (40 kfps) microscopic imaging in order to visualize the dynamics of droplets under ultrasound excitation (frequency = 5 MHz, pressure = 5-8 MPa, cycle number = 3, pulse number = 1). Live-cell microscopic imaging was used to monitor the cell morphology, cell membrane permeabilization, and cell viability by membrane-anchored Lyn-yellow fluorescence protein, propidium Iodide staining, and calcein blue AM staining, respectively. Results: We discovered that the spatial distribution of ADV-induced bioeffects could be mapped to the physical dynamics of droplet vaporization. For droplets with a 1.5 μm radius, the distance threshold for ADV-induced cell death (5.5±1.9 μm) and reversible membrane permeabilization (11.3±3.5 μm) was well correlated with the distance of ADV-bubble pressing downward to the floor (5.7±1.3 μm) and maximum distance of droplet expansion (11.5±2.6 μm), respectively. These distances were enlarged by increasing the droplet sizes and insonation acoustic pressures. The live-cell imaging results show that ADV-bubbles can directly disrupt the cell membrane layer and induce intensive intracellular substance leakage. Further, the droplets shed the payload onto nearby cells during ADV, suggesting ADV could directly induce adjacent cell death by physical force and enhancement of chemotherapy to distant cells. Conclusion: This study provide new insights into the ADV-mediated physicochemical synergic effect for medical applications.

Dataset Information

Acoustic droplet vaporization-mediated dissolved oxygen scavenging in blood-mimicking fluids, plasma, and blood.

Publications

Acoustic droplet vaporization-mediated dissolved oxygen scavenging in blood-mimicking fluids, plasma, and blood.

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