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A review on the immunomodulatory activity of Acanthopanax senticosus and its active components.

ABSTRACT: Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis, the dried root and rhizome or stem of Acanthopanax senticosus, is commonly known as Siberian ginseng or Ciwujia in Chinese. It is used all over the world as an adaptogen to enhance physical and mental performance for the sake of normal physiological functioning of human bodies under stress. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Ciwujia can strengthen the spleen that is an essential organ for immunological response. Its traditional applications include inflammation, fatigue and cancer in which the immune-regulating function is always involved. In this article, the immunomodulatory activities of Ciwujia extracts, fractions and pure compounds were extensively reviewed first. Then, the possibility of upgrading the chemical markers to bioactive markers was explored. Finally, the potency of aqueous extract and ethanol extract in regulating cytokines production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was compared. We conclude that although various phytochemicals such as isofraxidin, syringin and eleutheroside E from Ciwujia have been shown to modulate immunological functions, the aqueous extract of Ciwujia as a whole possesses the most potent efficacy. Therefore, aqueous (rather than ethanol) extract of Ciwujia should be used in order to benefit from its immunomodulatory properties.

SUBMITTER: Lau KM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6670126 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A review on the immunomodulatory activity of <i>Acanthopanax senticosus</i> and its active components.

Lau Kit-Man KM Yue Grace Gar-Lee GG Chan Yuk-Yu YY Kwok Hin-Fai HF Gao Si S Wong Chun-Wai CW Lau Clara Bik-San CB

Chinese medicine 20190731

Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis, the dried root and rhizome or stem of <i>Acanthopanax senticosus</i>, is commonly known as Siberian ginseng or Ciwujia in Chinese. It is used all over the world as an adaptogen to enhance physical and mental performance for the sake of normal physiological functioning of human bodies under stress. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Ciwujia can strengthen the spleen that is an essential organ for immunological response. Its traditi ...[more]

PMID: 31388349

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Project description:In this paper, the integrated pharmacokinetics (PK) of an Acanthopanax senticosus extract preparation (ASEP, named as Ciwujia injection in clinic in China) was explored by combining with multi-component PK in rats, virtual screening, systems pharmacology and molecular docking. Firstly, the ingredients in ASEP with high contents and detectable property in rat plasma were selected. Next, the PK study of the resulted ingredients was performed in rats (1.76 ml/kg and 3.52 ml/kg of 5 times concentrated ASEP, single i.v.). Meanwhile, the drug targets for the ingredients screened out were predicted by using a target fishing online server, PharmMapper (http://www.lilab-ecust.cn/pharmmapper/) with a fit filtration threshold of z'-score >0. Next, the network pharmacology, molecular docking, diseases ontology (DO) analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed respectively for the predicted targets. Finally, the supporting evidences were obtained to characterize the PK markers and carry out the integrated PK study with "plasma-drug concentration sum" or "plasma-drug AUC weighted" methods. As a result, 6 ingredients, involving 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), 3-CQA, 4-CQA, protocatechuic acid, eleutheroside B, and gentiopicroside were selected, and their PK profiles were elucidated. The 6 ingredients were highly related to arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis and could mainly interact with similar targets, e.g., GSK3B, PDPK1, PLAU, etc., or pathways, e.g., Insulin, VEGF, FoxO, etc, providing the basis for integrating plasma drug concentration. Ultimately, the 6 ingredients were considered as PK markers and the whole in vivo process of ASEP were characterized. Our study would enhance understanding of the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ASEP against cardiovascular diseases, and provided useful insights for future integrated PK study on anti-cardiovascular diseases TCM injections.

Project description:Streptococcus has greatly restricted the development of healthy tilapia aquaculture. As a green and efficient feed addition, Acanthopanax senticosus (APS) has been increasingly used in culture, but it is unclear whether it represents a disease-resistant feed. Genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with a feed supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8‰ APS for 56 days, after which fish were injected with 5.9 × 106 CFU/ml Streptococcus iniae into the abdominal cavity. At 96 h after infection, the cumulative survival of GIFT in control and 0.5‰ APS treatments was significantly lower than in other treatments; at APS supplementation rates of 1 and 2‰, serum glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol contents were all significantly lower than in control treatment fish. Hepatic glycogen and triglyceride contents of 1‰ APS treatment fish were significantly higher than those in fish in control treatment. Transcription levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) genes were upregulated, and their expression levels in fish in 1, 2, and 4‰ treatments were significantly higher than those in fish in control treatment at 96 h after S. iniae infection. After 96 h of infection, the red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cells of fish in 1‰ APS treatment were significantly lower than those of fish in 4 and 8‰ treatments; hepatic catalase activity was activated at 48 h, superoxide dismutase activity was also significantly upregulated at 96 h, and the malondialdehyde content significantly decreased. It is noted that 0.5-2‰ APS treatments significantly activated the expression of PI3K and AKT in the liver, while inhibiting the expression of Caspase-9. Therefore, feed with 1‰ APS can promote hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism in GIFT after infection with S. iniae, which is beneficial to alleviating oxidative stress damage and cell apoptosis in liver tissue.

Dataset Information

A review on the immunomodulatory activity of Acanthopanax senticosus and its active components.

Publications

A review on the immunomodulatory activity of <i>Acanthopanax senticosus</i> and its active components.

Similar Datasets

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