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Allergies and Asthma in Relation to Cancer Risk.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Allergies and asthma, conditions commonly characterized by immunoglobulin E-mediated atopic reactions, may decrease cancer risk via increases in immunosurveillance, but may increase risk due to persistent immune stimulation. Associations between allergies and asthma and cancer risk remain unclear, and it is unknown whether associations vary by race/ethnicity. METHODS:We evaluated these associations in the Southern Community Cohort Study. At baseline (2002-2009), 64,170 participants were queried on history of allergies and asthma; participants were followed through 2011, during which time 3,628 incident, invasive cancers were identified, including 667 lung cancers, 539 breast cancers, and 529 prostate cancers. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS:Neither allergies nor asthma was associated with risk of developing invasive cancer overall. Asthma was associated with increased lung cancer risk (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00-1.57), with no variation by race/ethnicity (P interaction = 0.84). Conversely, history of allergies was associated with decreased lung cancer risk (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65-1.00), with an inverse association observed among non-Hispanic whites (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.94) but not non-Hispanic blacks (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.73-1.25; P interaction = 0.10). No statistically significant associations were observed for risk of breast or prostate cancers, overall or by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS:No associations were observed for risk of overall cancer, breast cancer, or prostate cancer. While asthma was associated with increased lung cancer risk, history of allergies was associated with decreased risk, an association driven by an inverse association among non-Hispanic whites. IMPACT:Associations pertaining to lung cancer merit follow up in a large, diverse study.

SUBMITTER: Kantor ED

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6677632 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Allergies and Asthma in Relation to Cancer Risk.

Kantor Elizabeth D ED Hsu Meier M Du Mengmeng M Signorello Lisa B LB

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 20190605 8

<h4>Background</h4>Allergies and asthma, conditions commonly characterized by immunoglobulin E-mediated atopic reactions, may decrease cancer risk via increases in immunosurveillance, but may increase risk due to persistent immune stimulation. Associations between allergies and asthma and cancer risk remain unclear, and it is unknown whether associations vary by race/ethnicity.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated these associations in the Southern Community Cohort Study. At baseline (2002-2009), 64,170 ...[more]

PMID: 31167755

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Project description:BackgroundSymptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema in children cluster at both the individual and population levels.ObjectivesTo assess individual-level and school-level risk factors for symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and compare them to corresponding associations with symptoms of asthma and eczema in Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.MethodsWe studied 116,863 children aged 6-7 years from 2163 schools in 59 centres and 22 countries and 224,436 adolescents aged 13-14 years from 2037 schools in 97 centres in 41 countries. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted with random intercepts for school, centre, and country, adjusting for sex and maternal education at the child level. Associations between symptoms and a range of lifestyle and environmental risk factors were assessed for both the child's exposure and mean exposure at the school. Models were fitted for rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and eczema singly (unimorbidity) and for combinations of these conditions (multimorbidity).ResultsGenerally, associations between symptoms and exposures at the school level were similar in direction and magnitude to those at the child level. Associations with multimorbidity were stronger than for unimorbidity, particularly in individuals with symptoms of all three diseases, but risk factor associations found in conventional single disease analyses persisted among children with only one condition, after excluding multimorbid groups.Comparisons of individuals with only one disease showed that many risk factor associations were consistent across the three conditions. More strongly associated with asthma were low birthweight, cat exposure in infancy, and current maternal smoking. Current paracetamol use was more strongly associated with asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis than eczema. Breastfeeding was more strongly associated with eczema than asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis.The direction and magnitude of most risk factor associations were similar in affluent and non-affluent countries, although notable exceptions include farm animal contact in infancy and larger sibships, which were associated with increased risk of rhinoconjunctivitis in non-affluent countries but reduced risk in affluent countries. In both age groups, current paracetamol use increased risk of each disease to a greater extent in affluent countries than in non-affluent countries. Effects of paracetamol and antibiotics in infancy were more consistent between richer and poorer settings.ConclusionsMost of the environmental and lifestyle correlates of rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma and eczema in childhood display similarity across the three conditions, even in less affluent settings where allergic sensitisation is less likely to explain the concordant epidemiological patterns.Trial registrationNot applicable.

Dataset Information

Allergies and Asthma in Relation to Cancer Risk.

Publications

Allergies and Asthma in Relation to Cancer Risk.

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