Investigating in Vitro Amyloid Peptide 1-42 Aggregation: Impact of Higher Molecular Weight Stable Adducts.

ABSTRACT: The self-assembly of amyloid peptides (A?), in particular A?_1-42, into oligomers and fibrils is one of the main pathological events related to Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) to protect neurons and astrocytes from A?_1-42 toxicity. In fact, CORMs are able to carry and release controlled levels of CO and are known to exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities at physiologically relevant concentrations. In order to investigate the direct effects of CORMs on A?_1-42, we studied the reactivity of CORM-2 and CORM-3 with A?_1-42 in vitro and the potential inhibition of its aggregation by mass spectrometry (MS), as well as fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies. The application of an electrospray ionization-MS (ESI-MS) method allowed the detection of stable A?_1-42/CORMs adducts, involving the addition of the Ru(CO)₂ portion of CORMs at histidine residues on the A?_1-42 skeleton. Moreover, CORMs showed anti-aggregating properties through formation of stable adducts with A?_1-42 as demonstrated by a thioflavin T fluorescence assay and MS analysis. As further proof, comparison of the CD spectra of A?_1-42 recorded in the absence and in the presence of CORM-3 at a 1:1 molar ratio showed the ability of CORM-3 to stabilize the peptide in its soluble, unordered conformation, thereby preventing its misfolding and aggregation. This multi-methodological investigation revealed novel interactions between A?_1-42 and CORMs, contributing new insights into the proposed neuroprotective mechanisms mediated by CORMs and disclosing a new strategy to divert amyloid aggregation and toxicity.

SUBMITTER: De Simone A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6682006 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature