Dataset Information

Consumption trend and prescription pattern of opioid analgesics in China from 2006 to 2015.

ABSTRACT: Objectives:To investigate the consumption trend and prescription pattern of opioids in China from 2006 to 2015, and compare the results with those of selected countries and regions, and identify the pain relief level of China. Methods:Nine different opioid drugs were included in our survey, based on the whole population of China. Consumption of each type of opioid was calculated in grams in reports of the Chinese Food and Drug Administration and the International Narcotics Control Board. Then it was converted to the terms of defined daily doses and morphine equivalents. The correlation between consumption of opioids and gross domestic product, human development index and cancer incidence was analysed by Pearson's correlation test. Results:Defined daily doses increased by 7.89% per year since 2006, and reached 91.05 in 2015. Morphine equivalents increased by 10.57% per year since 2006, and reached 7.24?g in 2015. The average defined daily doses and morphine equivalents were 85.44 and 5.70?g respectively in 2006-2015. Annual defined daily doses of China were lower than the global average. Consumption was related to gross domestic product, but not human development index and cancer incidence. Furthermore, defined daily doses varied greatly in countries with similar gross domestic product or the human development index. Strong opioids or non-intravenous opioids always constituted the majority of opioids, and sustained an increasing tendency in consumption. The predominantly prescribed opioids were fentanyl and morphine. Consumption of oxycodone had a tendency to increase, whereas pethidine tended to decrease. Conclusion:Consumption of opioids has shown an increasing tendency and in the meantime the prescription pattern has changed, indicating the progress of pain relief in China, though it remained far lower than the average global level.

SUBMITTER: Fang W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6684019 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Consumption trend and prescription pattern of opioid analgesics in China from 2006 to 2015.

Fang Wentong W Liu Tingting T Gu Zhongsheng Z Li Qian Q Luo Can C

European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice 20180127 3

<h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate the consumption trend and prescription pattern of opioids in China from 2006 to 2015, and compare the results with those of selected countries and regions, and identify the pain relief level of China.<h4>Methods</h4>Nine different opioid drugs were included in our survey, based on the whole population of China. Consumption of each type of opioid was calculated in grams in reports of the Chinese Food and Drug Administration and the International Narcotics Control ...[more]

PMID: 31428321

Similar Datasets

Project description:ImportancePrescription opioids are often used during pregnancy even though they are associated with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Most studies of adverse outcomes of opioid use for pain have assessed only the class-wide outcome despite the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic heterogeneity across opioid medications.ObjectiveTo compare the risk of NOWS across common types of opioids when prescribed as monotherapy during the last 3 months of pregnancy.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study analyzed administrative claims data of Medicaid-insured mothers and newborns in 46 states and Washington DC from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2014. Participants were mothers with 2 or more dispensed opioid prescriptions within 90 days before delivery and their eligible live-born neonates. Data were analyzed from February 2020 to March 2021.ExposureDifferent types of opioid medications were compared by agonist strength (strong vs weak) and half-life (medium vs short and long vs short) of the opioid active ingredient.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was NOWS, which was identified using an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic code in the 30 days after delivery. Relative risks (RRs) were adjusted for an exposure propensity score, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, other medication use, and opioid treatment characteristics (including morphine milligram equivalents), using fine stratification.ResultsThe cohort comprised 48 202 opioid-exposed pregnancies with live newborns. A total of 1069 neonates (2.2%) had NOWS and 559 (1.2%) had severe NOWS. Opioid exposure during pregnancy included 16 202 pregnancies exposed to codeine, 4540 to oxycodone, 1244 to tramadol, 260 to methadone (dispensed for pain), 90 to hydromorphone, and 63 to morphine compared with 25 710 exposed to hydrocodone. Demographic characteristics varied across opioids, with tramadol, oxycodone, methadone, hydromorphone, and morphine being more commonly dispensed at older maternal age (≥35 years). Compared with hydrocodone, codeine had a lower adjusted RR of NOWS (0.57; 95% CI, 0.46-0.70), with a similar adjusted RR for tramadol (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.73-1.56), and 2- to 3-fold higher adjusted RRs for oxycodone (1.87; 95% CI, 1.66-2.11), morphine (2.84; 95% CI, 1.30-6.22), methadone (3.02; 95% CI, 2.45-3.73), and hydromorphone (2.03; 95% CI, 1.09-3.78). Strong agonists were associated with a higher risk of NOWS than weak agonists (RR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.78-2.17), and long half-life opioids were associated with an increased risk compared with short half-life products (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.12-1.56). Findings were consistent across sensitivity and subgroup analyses.Conclusions and relevanceResults of this study show higher risk of NOWS and severe NOWS among neonates with in utero exposure to strong agonists and long half-life prescription opioids. Information on the opioid-specific risk of NOWS may help prescribers select opioids for pain management in late stages of pregnancy.

Dataset Information

Consumption trend and prescription pattern of opioid analgesics in China from 2006 to 2015.

Publications

Consumption trend and prescription pattern of opioid analgesics in China from 2006 to 2015.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets