A large volume wind data for renewable energy applications.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bharani R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6685692 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The data describe supplementary materials supporting the research article entitled "Worldwide geographical mapping and optimization of stand-alone and grid-connected hybrid renewable system techno-economic performance across Köppen-Geiger climates" (Mazzeo et al., 2020). Hybrid renewable energy systems are increasingly adopted worldwide as technically and economically effective solutions to achieve energy decarbonization and greenhouse gas reduction targets. This data article includes the results of worldwide techno-economic optimization of stand-alone and grid-connected photovoltaic-wind hybrid renewable energy systems designed to meet the electrical energy needs of an office district. The technical simulations have been performed in TRNSYS 17 (Transient Energy System) environment. A total of 48 different locations around the world have been chosen across Köppen-Geiger climates with different latitudes and homogeneously distributed over the whole globe, considering very different climates. The analyses have been conducted for 343 different system power configurations, considering both stand-alone and grid-connected systems. A total of 16464 dynamic simulations were performed, summarized in yearly energy output from each component and in energy and economic indicators.
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Project description:Converting industrial/agricultural lignin-rich wastes to efficient, cost-effective materials for electrochemical devices (e.g., fuel cells) can aid in both bio- and energy economy. A major limitation of fuel cells is the weak ion conductivity within the ~2-30-nm thick, ion-conducting polymer (ionomer)-based catalyst-binder layer over electrodes. Here, we strategically sulfonated kraft lignin (a by-product of pulp and paper industries) to design ionomers with varied ion exchange capacities (IECs) (LS x; x = IEC) that can potentially overcome this interfacial ion conduction limitation. We measured the ion conductivity, water uptake, ionic domain characteristics, density, and predicted the water mobility/stiffness of Nafion, LS 1.6, and LS 3.1 in submicron-thick hydrated films. LS 1.6 showed ion conductivity an order of magnitude higher than Nafion and LS 3.1 in films with similar thickness. The ion conductivity of these films was not correlated to their water uptake and IECs. Within the three-dimensional, less dense, branched architecture of LS 1.6 macromolecules, the -SO3H and -OH groups are in close proximity, which likely facilitated the formation of larger ionic domains having highly mobile water molecules. As compared to LS 1.6, LS 3.1 showed a higher glass transition temperature and film stiffness at dry state, which sustained during humidification. On the contrary, Nafion stiffened significantly upon humidification. The smaller ionic cluster within stiff LS 3.1 and Nafion films thus led to ion conductivity lower than LS 1.6. Since LS x ionomers (unlike commercial lignosulfonate) are not water soluble, they are suitable for low-temperature, water-mediated ion conduction in submicron-thick films.
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