Dataset Information

Constraining Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Magma Migration at Piton De La Fournaise Volcano From Pre-eruptive Seismicity.

ABSTRACT: Volcano-tectonic seismicity has been recorded for decades on various volcanoes and is linked with the magma transport and reservoir pressurization. Yet earthquakes often appear broadly distributed such that magma movement is difficult to infer from its analysis. We explore the seismicity that occurred before eruptions at Piton de la Fournaise in the last 5 years. Using template matching and relocation techniques, we produce a refined image of the summit seismicity, demonstrating that most earthquakes are located on a ring structure. However, only a portion of this structure is activated before each eruption, which provides an indication as to the direction of the future eruptive site. Furthermore, we show that the delay between the pre-eruptive swarm and the eruption onset is proportional to the distance of the eruptive fissures relative to the summit cone. This reveals that the beginning of the intrusion already bears information regarding the future eruption location.

SUBMITTER: Duputel Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6686716 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Constraining Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Magma Migration at Piton De La Fournaise Volcano From Pre-eruptive Seismicity.

Duputel Z Z Lengliné O O Ferrazzini V V

Geophysical research letters 20190105 1

Volcano-tectonic seismicity has been recorded for decades on various volcanoes and is linked with the magma transport and reservoir pressurization. Yet earthquakes often appear broadly distributed such that magma movement is difficult to infer from its analysis. We explore the seismicity that occurred before eruptions at Piton de la Fournaise in the last 5 years. Using template matching and relocation techniques, we produce a refined image of the summit seismicity, demonstrating that most earthq ...[more]

PMID: 31423032

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Project description:Effective and rapid effusive crisis response is necessary to mitigate the risks associated with lava flows that could threaten or inundate inhabited or visited areas. At Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion, France), well-established protocols between Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (OVPF-IPGP) and civil protection, and between scientists of a multinational array of institutes, allow effective tracking of eruptive crises and hazard management embracing all stakeholders. To assess the outstanding needs for such responses Tsang and Lindsay (J Appl Volcanol 9:9, 2020) applied a gap analysis to assess research gaps in terms of preparedness, response and recovery at 11 effusive centers, including Piton de la Fournaise. For Piton de la Fournaise, their gap analysis implied widespread gaps in the state of knowledge. However, their work relied on incomplete and erroneous data and methods, resulting in a gap analysis that significantly underrepresented this state of knowledge. We thus here re-build a correct database for Piton de la Fournaise, properly define the scope of an appropriate gap analysis, and provide a robust gap analysis, finding that there are, actually, very few gaps for Piton de la Fournaise. This is a result of the existence of a great quantity of published work in the peer-reviewed literature, as well as frequent reports documenting event impact in the local press and observatory reports. At Piton de la Fournaise, this latter (observatory-based) resource is largely due to the efforts of OVPF-IPGP who have a wealth of experience having responded to 81 eruptions since its creation in 1979 through the end of September 2021. Although welcome and necessary, especially if it is made by a group of scientists outside the local management of the volcanic risk (i.e., a neutral group), such gap analysis need to be sure to fully consider all available peer-reviewed literature, as well as newspaper reports, observatory releases and non-peer-reviewed eruption reports, so as to be complete and correct. Fundamentally, such an analysis needs to consider the information collected and produced by the volcano observatory charged with handling surveillance operations and reporting duties to civil protection for the volcano under analysis. As a very minimum, to ensure that a necessarily comprehensive and complete treatment of the scientific literature has been completed, we recommend that a third party expert, who is a recognized specialist in terms of research at the site considered, reviews and checks the material used for the gap analysis before final release of recommendations.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13617-021-00111-w.

Project description:Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion, France, erupted between the 2 and 6 April 2020, one of a series of eruptive phases which occur typically two or three times per year. Here, we use back trajectory analysis of satellite data from the TROPOMI instrument to determine that gas emissions during the June 2020 eruption were of unusually high intensity and altitude, producing 34.9 ± 17.4 kt of SO2 and plume heights up to 5 km a.s.l. The early stages of the eruption (2-4 April 2020) were characterised by relatively low SO2 emission rates despite strong low frequency tremor (LFT); the latter phase followed an increase in intensity and explosivity in the early hours of 5 April 2020. This period included lava fountaining, significantly increased SO2 emission rates, increased high frequency tremor (HFT) and decreased LFT. Using the PlumeTraj back trajectory analysis toolkit, we found the peak SO2 emission rate was 284 ± 130 kg/s on the 6 April. The plume altitude peaked at ~ 5 km a.s.l. on 5 April, in the hours following a sudden increase in explosivity, producing one of the tallest eruption columns recorded at Piton de la Fournaise. PlumeTraj allowed us to discriminate each day's SO2, which otherwise would have led to a mass overestimate due to the plumes remaining visible for more than 24 h. The eruption exhibited a remarkable decoupling and anti-correlation between the intensity of the LFT signal and that of the magma and gas emission rates. LFT intensity peaked during the first phase with low magma and SO2 emissions, but quickly decreased during the second phase, replaced by unusually strong HFT. We conclude that the observation of strong HFT is associated with higher intensity of eruption, degassing, and greater height of neutral buoyancy of the plume, which may provide an alert to the presence of greater hazards produced by higher intensity eruptive activity. This might be particularly useful when direct visual observation is prevented by meteorological conditions. This eruption shows the importance of combining multiple data sets when monitoring volcanoes. Combining gas and seismic data sets allowed for a much more accurate assessment of the eruption than either could have done alone.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-023-01628-1.

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Dataset Information

Constraining Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Magma Migration at Piton De La Fournaise Volcano From Pre-eruptive Seismicity.

Publications

Constraining Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Magma Migration at Piton De La Fournaise Volcano From Pre-eruptive Seismicity.

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