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Paroxysmal eruptions tracked by variations of helium isotopes: inferences from Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion island).

ABSTRACT: Helium (He) with its isotopes (³He, ⁴He) is a key tracer enabling the Earth's mantle and dynamics to be characterized. Enrichment in primordial helium (³He) has been detected in volcanic gases of numerous magmatic systems in different geodynamic settings. Despite past use to monitor volcano-tectonic unrest, temporal ³He/⁴He variability in volcanic emissions is still poorly constrained. Here, we investigate noble gas chemistry of Piton de la Fournaise hotspot volcano, where temporal fluctuations of ³He/⁴He in response to the eruptive activity have never been studied. We compare the ³He/⁴He signature of volcanic gases and fluid inclusions and we highlight analogous evolution of the ³He/⁴He signature in both during the last decades of eruptive activity (1990-2017), even during the same eruption. We show that the maximum enrichment in ³He is found in magmatic fluids that fed the most voluminous eruptions which culminated in caldera collapse events. We argue that this enrichment in ³He mostly reflects a greater contribution of magmatic fluids from a primitive component of the mantle plume. These results emphasize that He isotopes may provide warnings of increases in deep magmatic contributions that potentially herald paroxysmal eruptions, as documented here at Piton de la Fournaise (2007) and also at Kilauea (2018).

SUBMITTER: Boudoire G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7300000 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Paroxysmal eruptions tracked by variations of helium isotopes: inferences from Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion island).

Boudoire G G Rizzo A L AL Arienzo I I Di Muro A A

Scientific reports 20200617 1

Helium (He) with its isotopes (3He, 4He) is a key tracer enabling the Earth's mantle and dynamics to be characterized. Enrichment in primordial helium (3He) has been detected in volcanic gases of numerous magmatic systems in different geodynamic settings. Despite past use to monitor volcano-tectonic unrest, temporal 3He/4He variability in volcanic emissions is still poorly constrained. Here, we investigate noble gas chemistry of Piton de la ...[more]

PMID: 32555201

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Project description:Effective and rapid effusive crisis response is necessary to mitigate the risks associated with lava flows that could threaten or inundate inhabited or visited areas. At Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion, France), well-established protocols between Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (OVPF-IPGP) and civil protection, and between scientists of a multinational array of institutes, allow effective tracking of eruptive crises and hazard management embracing all stakeholders. To assess the outstanding needs for such responses Tsang and Lindsay (J Appl Volcanol 9:9, 2020) applied a gap analysis to assess research gaps in terms of preparedness, response and recovery at 11 effusive centers, including Piton de la Fournaise. For Piton de la Fournaise, their gap analysis implied widespread gaps in the state of knowledge. However, their work relied on incomplete and erroneous data and methods, resulting in a gap analysis that significantly underrepresented this state of knowledge. We thus here re-build a correct database for Piton de la Fournaise, properly define the scope of an appropriate gap analysis, and provide a robust gap analysis, finding that there are, actually, very few gaps for Piton de la Fournaise. This is a result of the existence of a great quantity of published work in the peer-reviewed literature, as well as frequent reports documenting event impact in the local press and observatory reports. At Piton de la Fournaise, this latter (observatory-based) resource is largely due to the efforts of OVPF-IPGP who have a wealth of experience having responded to 81 eruptions since its creation in 1979 through the end of September 2021. Although welcome and necessary, especially if it is made by a group of scientists outside the local management of the volcanic risk (i.e., a neutral group), such gap analysis need to be sure to fully consider all available peer-reviewed literature, as well as newspaper reports, observatory releases and non-peer-reviewed eruption reports, so as to be complete and correct. Fundamentally, such an analysis needs to consider the information collected and produced by the volcano observatory charged with handling surveillance operations and reporting duties to civil protection for the volcano under analysis. As a very minimum, to ensure that a necessarily comprehensive and complete treatment of the scientific literature has been completed, we recommend that a third party expert, who is a recognized specialist in terms of research at the site considered, reviews and checks the material used for the gap analysis before final release of recommendations.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13617-021-00111-w.

Project description:Introduction Depuis mars 2021, plusieurs publications ont rapporté des manifestations cutanées associées à l’infection COVID-19. Bien que non spécifiques, ces manifestations ont été massivement relayées par les revues scientifiques, les médias et les réseaux sociaux. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer si la prévalence et les caractéristiques de ces manifestations peu spécifiques avaient varié pour la même période entre 2019 et 2020. Matériel et méthodes Étude comparative rétrospective sur la prévalence de ces manifestations dermatologiques vues aux urgences dermatologiques du 01 mars au 30 avril 2020 en comparaison avec la même période de l’année 2019. Les manifestations incluses étaient : les urticaires, les pityriasis rosé de Gibert, les exanthèmes maculopapuleux, les rashs vésiculeux, les syndromes main-pied-bouche, les dysidroses atypiques et les pseudo-engelures. Les manifestations induites par les médicaments ont été exclues. Les tests statistiques utilisés étaient le test du Chi2 ou le test de Fisher. Résultats Entre mars et avril 2020, 877 observations ont été enregistrées vs 2874 au cours de la même période en 2019. L’âge moyen était de 41,6 ans (DS = 16,5) vs 40,8 (DS = 16,2) respectivement en 2020 et 2019. Le sex-ratio était de 0,33 en 2020 et 0,25 en 2019. La plupart des manifestations cutanées du COVID-19 étaient similaires à une atteinte cutanée survenant dans les infections virales courantes. Aucune augmentation de la prévalence des visites « non programmées » pour manifestations cutanées associées au COVID-19 chez les patients pris en charge au service de dermatologie n’a été notée : 8 % en 2019 et 7 % en 2020, p = 0,25. La prévalence des engelures était plus importante en mars/avril 2020 vs 2019. Discussion La plupart des séries publiées de signes cutanés associés au COVID-19 n’ont pas confirmé la présence directe du virus. L’association des lésions d’engelure au COVID-19 est controversée. Nous n’avons pas observé d’augmentation de la prévalence des tableaux d’éruptions cutanées décrites comme associés au COVID-19 en dehors des engelures.

Dataset Information

Paroxysmal eruptions tracked by variations of helium isotopes: inferences from Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion island).

Publications

Paroxysmal eruptions tracked by variations of helium isotopes: inferences from Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion island).

Similar Datasets

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