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Population correlates of rapid captive-induced maladaptation in a wild fish.

ABSTRACT: Understanding the extent to which captivity generates maladaptation in wild species can inform species recovery programs and elucidate wild population responses to novel environmental change. Although rarely quantified, effective population size (N e ) and genetic diversity should influence the magnitude of plastic and genetic changes manifested in captivity that reduce wild fitness. Sexually dimorphic traits might also mediate consequences of captivity. To evaluate these relationships, we generated >600 full- and half-sibling families from nine wild brook trout populations, reared them for one generation under common, captive environmental conditions and contrasted several fitness-related traits in wild versus captive lines. We found substantial variation in lifetime success (lifetime survival and reproductive success) and life history traits among wild populations after just one captive generation (fourteen- and threefold ranges across populations, respectively). Populations with lower heterozygosity showed lower captive lifetime success, suggesting that captivity generates maladaptation within one generation. Greater male-biased mortality in captivity occurred in populations having disproportionately higher growth rates in males than females. Wild population N e and allelic diversity had little or no influence on captive trait expression and lifetime success. Our results have four conservation implications: (i) Trait values and lifetime success were highly variable across populations following one generation of captivity. (ii) Maladaptation induced by captive breeding might be particularly intense for the very populations practitioners are most interested in conserving, such as those with low heterozygosity. (iii) Maladaptive sex differences in captivity might be associated with population-dependent growth costs of reproduction. (iv) Heterozygosity can be a good indicator of short-term, intraspecific responses to novel environmental change.

SUBMITTER: Fraser DJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6691219 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Population correlates of rapid captive-induced maladaptation in a wild fish.

Fraser Dylan J DJ Walker Lisa L Yates Matthew C MC Marin Kia K Wood Jacquelyn L A JLA Bernos Thais A TA Zastavniouk Carol C

Evolutionary applications 20180619 7

Understanding the extent to which captivity generates maladaptation in wild species can inform species recovery programs and elucidate wild population responses to novel environmental change. Although rarely quantified, effective population size (N e ) and genetic diversity should influence the magnitude of plastic and genetic changes manifested in captivity that reduce wild fitness. Sexually dimorphic traits might also mediate consequences of captivity. To evaluate thes ...[more]

PMID: 31417616

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The utilization of high resolution genome data has important implications for the phylogeographical evaluation of non-human species. Biogeographical analyses can yield detailed understanding of their population biology and facilitate the geo-localization of individuals to promote their efficacious management, particularly when bred in captivity. The Geographic Population Structure (GPS) algorithm is an admixture based tool for inference of biogeographical affinities and has been employed for the geo-localization of various human populations worldwide. Here, we applied the GPS tool for biogeographical analyses and localization of the ancestral origins of wild and captive gorilla genomes, of unknown geographic source, available in the Great Ape Genome Project (GAGP), employing Gorillas with known ancestral origin as the reference data. RESULTS:Our findings suggest that GPS was successful in recapitulating the population history and estimating the geographic origins of all gorilla genomes queried and localized the wild gorillas with unknown geographical origin <?150?km of National Parks/Wildlife Reserves within the political boundaries of countries, considered as prominent modern-day abode for gorillas in the wild. Further, the GPS localization of most captive-born gorillas was congruent with their previously presumed ancestral homes. CONCLUSIONS:Currently there is limited knowledge of the ancestral origins of most North American captive gorillas, and our study highlights the usefulness of GPS for inferring ancestry of captive gorillas. Determination of the native geographical source of captive gorillas can provide valuable information to guide breeding programs and ensure their appropriate management at the population level. Finally, our findings shine light on the broader applicability of GPS for protecting the genetic integrity of other endangered non-human species, where controlled breeding is a vital component of their conservation.

Project description:BackgroundLargemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are an economically important freshwater fish species that have been investigated for both the short and long-term effects of stress, secondary to angling. Limited data has been published on the hematological parameters of this species and blood sample stability is a notable limitation of hematologic field studies. A relatively novel technique using 10% neutral buffered formalin preserves heparinized whole blood and maintains blood cell stability beyond one month in striped bass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in hematological parameters between tournament-caught and captive-raised largemouth bass using whole blood preservation with neutral buffered formalin.MethodsTwo populations of largemouth bass (n = 26 wild; n = 29 captive) underwent coccygeal venipuncture to collect heparinized whole blood for packed cell volume, total solids, and manual differential. Formalin preservation of heparinized whole blood facilitated manual hemocytometer analysis. Results were compared between the populations (tournament-caught, and captive-raised) with Wilcoxon rank sum test, a Hotelling's T 2 test, and Bonferroni simultaneous 95% confidence intervals to determine significance.ResultsThe mean packed cell volume (44.9 ± 5.4%) and total solids (7.2 ± 1.1 g/dL) were significantly higher, while the total leukocyte count (7.08 ± 1.86 × 103/µL) was significantly lower in the wild tournament-caught population of largemouth bass, as compared to the captive-raised counterparts (PCV 34.4 ± 7.2%; TS 5.2 ± 1.0 g/dL; WBC 16.43 ± 8.37 × 103/µL). The wild population demonstrated a significantly distinct leukogram characterized by a neutropenia (24.1 ± 12.7%), lymphocytosis (67.7 ± 13.0%), and monocytopenia (8.3 ± 2.9%), while the erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts were not significantly different between populations.DiscussionNumerous factors have been demonstrated to influence hematologic parameters in fish including age, size, sex, temperature, environmental oxygen level, population density, and infection. The wild population endured stress during angling capture, live-well hypoxia, transport, and extended air exposures at weigh in, which may have caused a stress leukopenia as well as osmoregulatory dysfunction and subsequent hemoconcentration. Further evaluation of seasonal impact as well as increased sample size is warranted to enhance our understanding of largemouth bass hematology.ConclusionThis study concluded that wild largemouth bass captured via tournament angling have higher packed cell volume and total solids, and lower total leukocyte counts, compared to captive-reared individuals. Through the completion of this study, we demonstrated the successful use of 10% neutral buffered formalin to preserve heparinized whole blood for precise hemocytometer cell counts in a new teleost species, the largemouth bass.

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Population correlates of rapid captive-induced maladaptation in a wild fish.

Publications

Population correlates of rapid captive-induced maladaptation in a wild fish.

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