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Current Prevalence of Myopia and Association of Myopia With Environmental Factors Among Schoolchildren in Japan.

ABSTRACT: Importance:Given the estimates of increasing prevalence of myopia, especially in Asia, it is important to determine the current prevalence of myopia among populations of schoolchildren in Japan. Objective:To investigate the current prevalence rate of myopia and the association between environmental factors and myopia in Japanese schoolchildren. Design, Setting, and Participants:This cross-sectional study assessed 1478 participants, including 726 elementary school students and 752 junior high school students, at 2 schools in Tokyo, Japan, who underwent eye examinations from April 1 to May 31, 2017, that included measurement of the refractive errors by autorefractometry with noncycloplegic refraction and ocular biometric factors. After excluding those who had been treated with atropine or orthokeratology (n?=?11), had a history of eye disease (n?=?2), had no parental consent (n?=?41), and were absent (n?=?8), 1416 schoolchildren were analyzed. Main Outcomes and Measures:The primary outcome was the prevalence of myopia and high myopia. Secondary outcomes were environmental factors that were associated with myopia. Results:A total of 1416 schoolchildren (mean [SD] age, 10.8 [2.7] years; 792 [55.9%] male) were studied. The prevalence rates of myopia (spherical equivalent ?-0.5 diopters [D]) were 76.5% (95% CI, 73.4%-79.7%) among the elementary school students and 94.9% (95% CI, 93.3%-96.5%) among the junior high school students. The prevalence rates of high myopia (spherical equivalent ?-6.0 D) were 4.0% (95% CI, 2.5%-5.4%) among the elementary school students and 11.3% (95% CI, 8.8%-13.7%) among the junior high school students. The prevalence rates of high myopia classified based on axial length of 26.0 mm or longer were 1.2% (95% CI, 0.4%-2.0%) among elementary school students and 15.2% (95% CI, 12.5%-17.8%) among junior high school students. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher-order aberrations and dry eye disease were associated with refractive error in elementary school students (spherical aberration: ??=?6.152; 95% CI, 3.161-9.143; P?

SUBMITTER: Yotsukura E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6696729 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Current Prevalence of Myopia and Association of Myopia With Environmental Factors Among Schoolchildren in Japan.

Yotsukura Erisa E Torii Hidemasa H Inokuchi Mikako M Tokumura Mitsuaki M Uchino Miki M Nakamura Kyosei K Hyodo Mari M Mori Kiwako K Jiang Xiaoyan X Ikeda Shin-Ichi SI Kondo Shinichiro S Negishi Kazuno K Kurihara Toshihide T Tsubota Kazuo K

JAMA ophthalmology 20191101 11

<h4>Importance</h4>Given the estimates of increasing prevalence of myopia, especially in Asia, it is important to determine the current prevalence of myopia among populations of schoolchildren in Japan.<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the current prevalence rate of myopia and the association between environmental factors and myopia in Japanese schoolchildren.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This cross-sectional study assessed 1478 participants, including 726 elementary school students a ...[more]

PMID: 31415060

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Project description:Background: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis and related comorbidities in school-age children in Budapest, capital of Hungary. Data and epidemiological studies on this disease are still limited.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 21 representative and randomly selected primary schools in 2019. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood-based questionnaires (n?=?6869) inquiring about prevalence and related risk factors of allergic rhinitis were distributed to all parents. The data were characterised with standard descriptive statistics: frequencies (percentages) and means for categorical and quantitative data, respectively.Results: 3836 of the questionnaires (1857 M/1979F) were completed. The prevalence of current allergic rhinitis was 29.3% (1043), physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 9.7% (373), cumulative allergic rhinitis was 36.2% (1289) and current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was 16.2% (577). The presence of physician diagnosed atopic disease-asthma (p?<?0.0001, OR?=?4.398, 95% CI 3.356-5.807), food allergy (p?<?0.0001, OR?=?2.594, 95% CI?1.995-3.378), and eczema (p?<?0.0001, OR?=?1.899, 95% CI?1.568-2.300)-were significantly related to an increased risk of cumulative allergic rhinitis. Significant factors associated with allergic rhinitis include male gender (p?<?0.0001), family history of atopy (p?<?0.0001), frequent upper respiratory tract infections (p?<?0.0001), tonsillectomy (p?=?0.0054), antibiotics given in the first year of life (p?<?0.0001), paracetamol given in the first year of life (p?=?0.0038), long-lasting common infections caused by viruses and/or bacteria before the appearance of the allergy (p?<?0.0001), consumption of drinks containing preservatives or colourants (p?=?0.0023), duration of living in Budapest (p?=?0.0386), smoking at home (p?=?0.0218), smoking at home in the first year of life (p?=?0.0048), birds at home (p?=?0.0119), birds at home in the first year of life (p?=?0.0052), visible mould in the bedroom (p?=?0.0139), featherbedding (p?=?0.0126), frequent or constant heavy-vehicle traffic (p?=?0.0039), living in a weedy area (p?<?0.0001) and living in the vicinity of an air-polluting factory or mine (p?=?0.0128).Conclusions: The prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in 6-12-year-old children in Budapest is higher than reported for most of the surrounding European countries. While asthma (OR?=?4.398) is the most significant comorbidity, environmental factors such as birds at home in the first year of life (OR?=?2.394) and living in a weedy area (OR?=?1.640) seem to be the most important factors associated with AR. Strategies for preventive measures should be implemented.Trial registration number: KUT-19/2019. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee at Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute.

Project description:IntroductionMyopia is a global public health concern that has a significant socioeconomic and psychological impact on schoolchildren. If Myopic patients are not detected early, they are exposed to retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma. There have been previous studies conducted in Ethiopia, but there is significant inconsistency among studies. Hence, the aim of this study was to provide a single figure as well as associated factors for Myopia among Ethiopian schoolchildren.MethodThe national and international databases and gray literature were searched for important research articles. This review included school-based cross-sectional studies that were reported in English. The data were extracted using Microsoft word and exported to Stata™ Version 17.0 statistical software for further management and analysis .The presence of heterogeneity was checked using Cochrane Q test via fixed effects model and presented by forest plots with 95% CI. Due to the presence of substantial heterogeneity, I2 test using random effects model was computed to estimate the effect size. The existing heterogeneity among studies was explained by regional difference. To identify factors associated with myopia, meta regression was computed and significant factors was reported using OR with 95% CI.ResultsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, 12 studies with a total of 9688 schoolchildren were included. The national estimate of myopia among schoolchildren in Ethiopia was 6.49% (95%CI: 4.86, 8.12). Having family history of myopia (OR: 9.18, 95%CI: 3.5,24.02) and being female (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.98) were the identified factors associated with myopia.ConclusionMyopia is one of the most prevalent childhood health condition in Ethiopia, which affects about one in every fourteen schoolchildren. Schoolchildren who had family history of myopia and being female were the identified risk factors of myopia among schoolchildren. Clinical and public engagement activities are needed to address the burden of myopia.

Project description:To evaluate prevalence and associated factors for myopia in high school students in Beijing.Grade 10 and 11 high school students were randomly selected from nine randomly selected districts of Beijing. The students underwent non-cylcoplegic auto-refractometry and an interview.Out of 4798 eligible students, 4677 (93.4%) students (mean age:16.9±0.7years;range:16-18 years) participated. Mean refractive error of right eyes and left eyes was -2.78±2.29 diopters and -2.59±2.50 diopters, respectively. Prevalence of myopia (defined as ≤ -1.00 diopters in the worse eye) was 80.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 79.6-81.8%). Out of 3773 students with myopia, 1525 (40.4%) wore glasses daily. In multiple logistic regression analysis, a higher prevalence of myopia was associated with female sex (odds ratio (OR) = 1.31;95%CI:1.11-1.55), Han ethnicity (OR = 1.64;95%CI:1.28-2.11), attending key schools (OR = 1.48;95%CI:1.24,1.77), higher family income (OR = 1.37;95%CI:1.09-1.71), longer time spent for near work (OR = 1.43;95%CI:1.06-1.93), shorter near work distance (OR = 1.87;95%CI:1.55-2.26), lower frequency of active rest during studying (OR = 1.40;95%CI:1.16-1.70), and parental myopia (OR = 2.28;95%CI:1.80-2.87). The interaction between distance from near work and time spent for near work was statistically (P = 0.03) significant. In multiple logistic regression analysis, higher prevalence of high myopia (≤-6.0 diopters) was associated with studying in key schools (OR = 1.38;95%CI:1.05,1.81), lower frequency of active rest during studying (OR = 1.40;95%CI:1.09,1.79), and a higher number of myopic parents (OR = 2.66;95%CI:2.08,3.40).A prevalence of about 80% for myopia and a prevalence of about 10% for high myopia in students aged 16 to 18 years and attending classes of grade 10 and 11 in a Chinese metropolitan region is another example of the high prevalence of moderate and high myopia in metropolitan areas of China. With this young myopic generation getting older, myopia as cause for visual impairment and blindness may further increase in importance. Future studies may address whether active rests during studying with looking into the distance are preventive against myopia development or progression.

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Current Prevalence of Myopia and Association of Myopia With Environmental Factors Among Schoolchildren in Japan.

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Current Prevalence of Myopia and Association of Myopia With Environmental Factors Among Schoolchildren in Japan.

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