Encrypted Oligonucleotide Arrays for Molecular Authentication.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Holden MT
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6701472 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Encrypted Oligonucleotide Arrays for Molecular Authentication.
Holden Matthew T MT Smith Lloyd M LM
ACS combinatorial science 20190715 8
Counterfeiting is an incredibly widespread problem, with some estimates placing its economic impact above 2% of worldwide GDP. The scale of the issue suggests that current preventive measures are either technologically insufficient or too impractical and costly to be widely adopted. High-density arrays of biomolecules are explored here as security devices that can be coupled to a valuable commodity as proof of its authenticity. Light-directed DNA array fabrication technology is used to synthesiz ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Both in situ synthesized long oligo arrays from Agilent Technologies and short oligo arrays from Affymetrix were used to meausre differential gene expression in RNA samples generated from human neural stem cells treated with vehicle (EtOH, 0.01%) and tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ, 20µM) for 24h. For Affymetrix technology, RNAs from vehicle or tBHQ treated groups were analyzed separately. There are three replicates (GSM 11755, 11756, 11780, 11781, 11782, and 11783) which represent the RNA preps harvested at three different time (Jan 16, 2002, Jan 24, 2002, and Feb 20, 2002). For Agilent arrays, amplified cRNAs generated from vehicle or tBHQ treated groups were labeled with cy3 or cy5 and were competitively hybridized with Hu 1A oligo arrays. The same RNA preps used for Affymetrix array analysis were also used for Agilent array analysis. Finally, three replicates (GSM 11803, 11804 and 11809) were generated. Keywords: parallel sample
2003-10-22 | GSE759 | GEO
Project description:Both in situ synthesized long oligo arrays from Agilent Technologies and short oligo arrays from Affymetrix were used to measure differential gene expression in RNA samples generated from human neuroblastoma cells treated with vehicle (EtOH, 0.01%) and tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ, 10µM) for 24h. For Affymetrix technology, RNAs from vehicle or tBHQ treated groups were analyzed separately. There are three replicates (GSM 11865, 11866, 11858, 11857, 11870, and 11871) which represent the RNA preps harvested at three different time (April 17, 2001, March 15, 2001, and Feb 21, 2001). For Agilent arrays, amplified cRNAs generated from vehicle or tBHQ treated groups were labeled with cy3 or cy5 and were competitively hybridized with Hu 1A oligo arrays. The RNA prep used for Agilent array analysis was not the same as the one used for Affymetrix array analysis. Finally, three replicates (GSM 11828, 11831 and 11835) were generated. Keywords: parallel sample
2003-10-22 | GSE761 | GEO
Project description:Both spotted long oligonucleotide arrays and Affymetrix GeneChips were used to measure differential gene expression in two RNA samples (K562 erythroleukemia RNA and the Stratagene Universal Human Reference RNA). For Affymetrix technology, the two RNAs were analyzed separately. There are two replicates for K562 RNA (GSM4843 and GSM4844) and three for the Stratagene Universal reference (GSM4845-GSM4847). Two types of spotted long oligonucleotide arrays were used. These arrays were used to do two-color hybridizations to directly compare K562 and Universal reference RNAs. One array (GPL273) was made with probes from the Operon Human Genome Oligo Set Version 1. These arrays were used with unamplified cDNA probes (6 replicates, GSM4848-GSM4853), with aRNA probes produced by one round of T7 RNA polymerase-based amplification (6 replicates, GSM4854-GSM4859), and with aRNA probes produced by two rounds of amplification (2 replicates, GSM4860-GSM4861). Keywords: parallel sample
2003-03-18 | GSE344 | GEO
Project description:High-density oligonucleotide microarrays enable simultaneous monitoring of expression levels of tens of thousands of transcripts. For accurate detection and quantitation of transcripts in the presence of cellular mRNA, it is essential to design microarrays whose oligonucleotide probes produce hybridization intensities that accurately reflect the concentration of original mRNA. We present a model-based approach that predicts optimal probes by using sequence and empirical information. We constructed a thermodynamic model for hybridization behavior and determined the influence of empirical factors on the effective fitting parameters. We designed Affymetrix GeneChip probe arrays that contained all 25-mer probes for hundreds of human and yeast transcripts and collected data over a 4,000-fold concentration range. Multiple linear regression models were built to predict hybridization intensities of each probe at given target concentrations, and each intensity profile is summarized by a probe response metric. We selected probe sets to represent each transcript that were optimized with respect to responsiveness, independence (degree to which probe sequences are nonoverlapping), and uniqueness (lack of similarity to sequences in the expressed genomic background). We show that this approach is capable of selecting probes with high sensitivity and specificity for high-density oligonucleotide arrays.
| S-EPMC208741 | biostudies-literature
Project description:DNA microarrays produced by deposition (or 'spotting')of a single long oligonucleotide probe for each gene may be an attractive alternative to other types of arrays. We produced spotted oligonucleotide arrays using two large collections of approximately 70-mer probes, and used these arrays to analyze gene expression in two dissimilar human RNA samples. These samples were also analyzed using arrays produced by in situ synthesis of sets of multiple short (25-mer) oligonucleotides for each gene (Affymetrix GeneChips). We compared expression measurements for 7344 genes that were represented in both long oligonucleotide probe collections and the in situ-synthesized 25-mer arrays. We found strong correlations (r = 0.8-0.9) between relative gene expression measurements made with spotted long oligonucleotide probes and in situ-synthesized 25-mer probe sets. Spotted long oligonucleotide arrays were suitable for use with both unamplified cDNA and amplified RNA targets, and are a cost-effective alternative for many functional genomics applications. Most previously reported evaluations of microarray technologies have focused on expression measurements made on a relatively small number of genes. The approach described here involves far more gene expression measurements and provides a useful method for comparing existing and emerging techniques for genome-scale expression analysis.
| S-EPMC403751 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Array comparative genomic hybridization is a fast and cost-effective method for detecting, genotyping, and comparing the genomic sequence of unknown bacterial isolates. This method, as with all microarray applications, requires adequate coverage of probes targeting the regions of interest. An unbiased tiling of probes across the entire length of the genome is the most flexible design approach. However, such a whole-genome tiling requires that the genome sequence is known in advance. For the accurate analysis of uncharacterized bacteria, an array must query a fully representative set of sequences from the species' pan-genome. Prior microarrays have included only a single strain per array or the conserved sequences of gene families. These arrays omit potentially important genes and sequence variants from the pan-genome.This paper presents a new probe selection algorithm (PanArray) that can tile multiple whole genomes using a minimal number of probes. Unlike arrays built on clustered gene families, PanArray uses an unbiased, probe-centric approach that does not rely on annotations, gene clustering, or multi-alignments. Instead, probes are evenly tiled across all sequences of the pan-genome at a consistent level of coverage. To minimize the required number of probes, probes conserved across multiple strains in the pan-genome are selected first, and additional probes are used only where necessary to span polymorphic regions of the genome. The viability of the algorithm is demonstrated by array designs for seven different bacterial pan-genomes and, in particular, the design of a 385,000 probe array that fully tiles the genomes of 20 different Listeria monocytogenes strains with overlapping probes at greater than twofold coverage.PanArray is an oligonucleotide probe selection algorithm for tiling multiple genome sequences using a minimal number of probes. It is capable of fully tiling all genomes of a species on a single microarray chip. These unique pan-genome tiling arrays provide maximum flexibility for the analysis of both known and uncharacterized strains.
| S-EPMC2753849 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We have developed a straightforward assay for the rapid typing of enteroviruses using oligonucleotide arrays in microtiter wells. The viral nucleic acids are concomitantly amplified and labeled during reverse transcription-PCR, and unpurified PCR products are used for hybridization. DNA strands are separated by alkaline denaturation, and hybridization is started by neutralization. The microarray hybridization reactions and the subsequent washes are performed in standard 96-well microtiter plates, which makes the method easily adaptable to high-throughput analysis. We describe here the assay principle and its potential in clinical laboratory use by correctly identifying 10 different enterovirus reference strains. Furthermore, we explore the detection of unknown sequence variants using serotype consensus oligonucleotide probes. With just two consensus probes for the coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9) serotype, we detected 23 out of 25 highly diverse CVA9 isolates. Overall, the assay involves several features aiming at ease of performance, robustness, and applicability to large-scale studies.
| S-EPMC2691091 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The discovery of small biomolecules has suffered from the lack of a comprehensive framework to express the intrinsic correlation between bioactivity and the contribution from small molecules in complex samples with molecular and bioactivity diversity. Here, by mapping a sample's 2D-HPTLC fingerprint to microplates, paired chromatographic-based microassay arrays are created, which can be used as quasi-chips to characterize multiple attributes of chromatographic components; as the array differential expression of the bioactivity and molecular attributes of irregular chromatographic spots for dose-effect interdependent encoding; and also as the automatic-collimated array mosaics of the multi-attributes of each component itself encrypted by its chromatographic fingerprint. Based on this homologous framework, we propose a correlating recognition strategy for small biomolecules through their self-consistent chromatographic behavior characteristics. In the approach, the small biomolecule recognition in diverse compounds is transformed into a constraint satisfaction problem, which is addressed through examining the dose-effect interdependence of the homologous 2D code pairs by an array matching algorithm, instead of preparing diverse compound monomers of complex test samples for identification item-by-item. Furthermore, considering the dose-effect interdependent 2D code pairs as links and the digital-specific quasimolecular ions as nodes, an extendable self-consistent framework that correlates mammalian cell phenotypic and target-based bioassays with small biomolecules is established. Therefore, the small molecule contributions and the correlations of bioactivities, as well as their pathways, can be comprehensively revealed, so as to improve the reliability and efficiency of screening. This strategy was successfully applied to galangal, and demonstrated the high-throughput digital preliminary screening of small biomolecules in a natural product.
| S-EPMC9183755 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oligonucleotide microarrays were employed to quantitate mRNA levels from a large number of genes regulated by the p53 transcription factor. Responses to DNA damage and to zinc-inducible p53 were compared for their transcription patterns in cell culture. A cluster analysis of these data demonstrates that genes induced by gamma radiation, UV radiation, and the zinc-induced p53 form distinct sets and subsets with a few genes in common to all these treatments. Cell type- or cell line-specific p53 responses were detected. When p53 proteins were induced with zinc, the kinetics of induction or repression of mRNAs from p53-responsive genes fell into eight distinct classes, five different kinetics of induction, and three different kinetics of repression. In addition, low levels of p53 in a cell induced or repressed only a subset of genes observed at higher p53 levels. The results of this study demonstrate that the nature of the p53 response in diverse mRNA species depends on the levels of p53 protein in a cell, the type of inducing agent or event, and the cell type employed. Of 6000 genes examined for p53 regulatory responses, 107 induced and 54 repressed genes fell into categories of apoptosis and growth arrest, cytoskeletal functions, growth factors and their inhibitors, extracellular matrix, and adhesion genes.
| S-EPMC316542 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOne of the important challenges in microarray analysis is to take full advantage of previously accumulated data, both from one's own laboratory and from public repositories. Through a comparative analysis on a variety of datasets, a more comprehensive view of the underlying mechanism or structure can be obtained. However, as we discover in this work, continual changes in genomic sequence annotations and probe design criteria make it difficult to compare gene expression data even from different generations of the same microarray platform.ResultsWe first describe the extent of discordance between the results derived from two generations of Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays, as revealed in cluster analysis and in identification of differentially expressed genes. We then propose a method for increasing comparability. The dataset we use consists of a set of 14 human muscle biopsy samples from patients with inflammatory myopathies that were hybridized on both HG-U95Av2 and HG-U133A human arrays. We find that the use of the probe set matching table for comparative analysis provided by Affymetrix produces better results than matching by UniGene or LocusLink identifiers but still remains inadequate. Rescaling of expression values for each gene across samples and data filtering by expression values enhance comparability but only for few specific analyses. As a generic method for improving comparability, we select a subset of probes with overlapping sequence segments in the two array types and recalculate expression values based only on the selected probes. We show that this filtering of probes significantly improves the comparability while retaining a sufficient number of probe sets for further analysis.ConclusionsCompatibility between high-density oligonucleotide arrays is significantly affected by probe-level sequence information. With a careful filtering of the probes based on their sequence overlaps, data from different generations of microarrays can be combined more effectively.
| S-EPMC528726 | biostudies-literature