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Identification and comparison of heart-rate dynamics during cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise.

ABSTRACT: AIM AND METHODS:The aim of this study was to compare the dynamics of heart rate (HR) response to exercise using a cycle ergometer (CE) and a treadmill (TM). Using a sample of 25 healthy male participants, the time constant of HR dynamics was estimated for both modalities in response to square-wave excitation. RESULTS:The principal finding was that the time constant of heart-rate dynamics around somewhat-hard exercise intensity (Borg rating of perceived exertion = 13) does not differ significantly between the CE and TM (68.7 s ± 21.5 s vs. 62.5 s ± 18.5 s [mean ± standard deviation]; CE vs. TM; p = 0.20). An observed moderate level of evidence that root-mean-square model error was higher for the CE than for the TM (2.5 bpm ± 0.5 bpm vs. 2.2 bpm ± 0.5 bpm, p = 0.059) may reflect a decrease in heart rate variability with increasing HR intensity because, in order to achieve similar levels of perceived intensity, mean heart rate for the CE was ?25 bpm lower than for the TM. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE:These results have important implications for model-based design of automatic HR controllers, because, in principle, the same dynamic controller, merely scaled according to the differing steady-state gains, should be able to be applied to the CE and TM exercise modalities.

SUBMITTER: Hunt KJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6705825 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Identification and comparison of heart-rate dynamics during cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise.

Hunt Kenneth J KJ Grunder Reto R Zahnd Andreas A

PloS one 20190822 8

<h4>Aim and methods</h4>The aim of this study was to compare the dynamics of heart rate (HR) response to exercise using a cycle ergometer (CE) and a treadmill (TM). Using a sample of 25 healthy male participants, the time constant of HR dynamics was estimated for both modalities in response to square-wave excitation.<h4>Results</h4>The principal finding was that the time constant of heart-rate dynamics around somewhat-hard exercise intensity (Borg rating of perceived exertion = 13) does not diff ...[more]

PMID: 31437177

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Project description:IntroductionThe heart rate (HR) method is a promising approach for evaluating oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), energy demands and exercise intensities in different forms of physical activities. It would be valuable if the HR method, established on ergometer cycling, is interchangeable with other regular activities, such as level walking. This study therefore aimed to examine the interchangeability of the HR method when estimating [Formula: see text] for ergometer cycling and level treadmill walking in submaximal conditions.MethodsTwo models of [Formula: see text] regression equations for cycle ergometer exercise (CEE) and treadmill exercise (TE) were established with 34 active commuters. Model 1 consisted of three submaximal intensities of ergometer cycling or level walking, model 2 included also one additional workload of maximal ergometer cycling or running. The regression equations were used for estimating [Formula: see text] with seven individual HR values based on 25-85% of HR reserve (HRR). The [Formula: see text] estimations were compared between CEE and TE, within and between each model.ResultsOnly minor, and in most cases non-significant, average differences were observed when comparing the estimated [Formula: see text] levels between CEE and TE. Model 1 ranged from -0.4 to 4.8% (n.s.) between 25-85%HRR. In model 2, the differences between 25-65%HRR ranged from 1.3 to -2.7% (n.s.). At the two highest intensities, 75 and 85%HRR, [Formula: see text] was slightly lower (3.7%, 4.4%; P < 0.05), for CEE than TE. The inclusion of maximal exercise in the [Formula: see text] relationships reduced the individual [Formula: see text] variations between the two exercise modalities.ConclusionThe HR methods, based on submaximal ergometer cycling and level walking, are interchangeable for estimating mean [Formula: see text] levels between 25-85% of HRR. Essentially, the same applies when adding maximal exercise in the [Formula: see text] relationships. The inter-individual [Formula: see text] variation between ergometer cycling and treadmill exercise is reduced when using the HR method based on both submaximal and maximal workloads.

Project description:BackgroundCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is used widely in the diagnosis, exercise therapy, and prognosis evaluation of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The current guideline for CPET does not provide any specific recommendations for cardiovascular (CV) safety on exercise stimulation mode, including bicycle ergometer, treadmill, and total body workout equipment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the effects of different exercise stimulation modes on the occurrence of safety events during CPET in patients with CHD.MethodsA total of 10,538 CPETs, including 5,674 performed using treadmill exercise and 4,864 performed using bicycle ergometer exercise at Peking University Third Hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. The incidences of CV events and serious adverse events during CPET were compared between the two exercise groups.ResultsCardiovascular events in enrolled patients occurred during 355 CPETs (3.4%), including 2 cases of adverse events (0.019%), both in the treadmill group. The incidences of overall events [235 (4.1%) vs. 120 (2.5%), P < 0.001], premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) [121 (2.1%) vs. 63 (1.3%), P = 0.001], angina pectoris [45 (0.8%) vs. 5 (0.1%), P < 0.001], and ventricular tachycardia (VT) [32 (0.6%) vs. 14 (0.3%), P = 0.032] were significantly higher in the treadmill group compared with the bicycle ergometer group. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of bradyarrhythmia and atrial arrhythmia between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of overall CV events (P < 0.001), PVCs (P = 0.007), angina pectoris (P < 0.001), and VT (P = 0.008) was independently associated with the stimulation method of treadmill exercise. In male subjects, the occurrence of overall CV events, PVCs, angina pectoris, and VT were independently associated with treadmill exercise, while only the overall CV events and angina pectoris were independently associated with treadmill exercise in female subjects.ConclusionIn comparison with treadmill exercise, bicycle ergometer exercise appears to be a safer exercise stimulation mode for CPET in patients with CHD.

Project description:BackgroundBorg developed scales for rating pain and perceived exertion in adults that have also been used in pediatric populations. Models describing functional relationships between perceived exertion and work capacity have not been studied in children. We compared different models and their fits to individual trajectories and assessed the variability in these trajectories.MethodsRatings of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected from 79 children. Progressive cycle ergonometric testing was performed to maximal work capacity with test duration ranging from 6- 12 minutes. Ratings were obtained during each 1-minute increment. Work was normalized to individual maximal work capacity (Wmax). A delay was defined as the fraction of Wmax at which point an increase in ratings of leg fatigue occurred. Such a delay term allows the characterization of trajectories for children whose ratings were initially constant with increasing work. Two models were considered, a delay model and a power model that is commonly used to analyze Borg ratings. Individual model fit was assessed with root mean squared error (RMSE). Functional clustering algorithms were used to identify patterns.ResultsLeg tiredness developed quickly for some children while for others there was a delay before an in- creased ratings of leg exertion occurred with increasing work. Models for individual trajectories with the smallest RMSE included a delay and a quadratic term (quadratic-delay model), or a power function and a delay term (power-delay model) compared to a simple power function. The median delay was 40% Wmax (interquartile range (IQR): 26-49%) in a quadratic-delay model, while the median exponent was 1.03 (IQR: 0.83-1.78) in a power-delay model. Nine clusters were identified showing linear or quadratic patterns with or without a delay. Cluster membership did not depend on age, gender or diagnosis.ConclusionChildren and adolescents vary widely in their capacity to rate their perceptions and exhibit different functional relationships between ratings of perceived exertion and work capacity normalized across individuals. Models including a delay term, a linear component, or a power function can describe these individual trajectories of perceived leg exertion during incremental exercise to voluntary exhaustion.

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Identification and comparison of heart-rate dynamics during cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise.

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Identification and comparison of heart-rate dynamics during cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise.

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