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Inhibitory effect of 980-nm laser on neural activity of the rat's cochlear nucleus.

ABSTRACT: Near-infrared radiation (NIR) has been described as one of the highest-resolution tools for neuromodulation. However, the poor tissue penetration depth of NIR has limited its further application on some of the deeper layer neurons in vivo. A 980-nm short-wavelength NIR (SW-NIR) with high penetration depth was employed, and its inhibitory effect on neurons was investigated in vivo. In experiments, SW-NIR was implemented on the rat's cochlear nucleus (CN), the auditory pathway was activated by pure-tones through the rat's external auditory canal, and the neural responses were recorded in the inferior colliculus by a multichannel electrode array. Neural firing rate (FR) and the first spike latency (FSL) were analyzed to evaluate the optically induced neural inhibition. Meanwhile, a two-layered finite element, consisting of a fluid layer and a gray matter layer, was established to model the optically induced temperature changes in CN; different stimulation paradigms were used to compare the inhibitory efficiency of SW-NIR. Results showed that SW-NIR could reversibly inhibit acoustically induced CN neural activities: with the increase of laser radiant exposures energy, neural FR decreased significantly and FSL lengthened steadily. Significant inhibition occurred when the optical pulse stimulated prior to the acoustic stimulus. Results indicated that the inhibition relies on the establishment time of the temperature field. Moreover, our preliminary results suggest that short-wavelength infrared could regulate the activities of neurons beyond the neural tissues laser irradiated through neural networks and conduction in vivo. These findings may provide a method for accurate neuromodulation in vivo.

SUBMITTER: Jiang B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6710856 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Inhibitory effect of 980-nm laser on neural activity of the rat's cochlear nucleus.

Jiang Bin B Hou Wensheng W Xia Nan N Peng Fei F Wang Xing X Chen Chunye C Zhou Yi Y Zheng Xiaolin X Wu Xiaoying X

Neurophotonics 20190701 3

Near-infrared radiation (NIR) has been described as one of the highest-resolution tools for neuromodulation. However, the poor tissue penetration depth of NIR has limited its further application on some of the deeper layer neurons <i>in vivo</i>. A 980-nm short-wavelength NIR (SW-NIR) with high penetration depth was employed, and its inhibitory effect on neurons was investigated <i>in vivo</i>. In experiments, SW-NIR was implemented on the rat's cochlear nucleus (CN), the auditory pathway was ac ...[more]

PMID: 31482103

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Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the effect of a 980-nm diode laser following chemomechanical root canal preparation on the severity of post-operative pain (PP) after root canal treatment (RCT).MethodsThis study included asymptomatic, single-rooted teeth with a periapical index (PAI) score of 3 or 4. All the patients received RCT, including dressing with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), during two visits. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n:30): a control group, in which the final irrigation was performed using 5 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI), followed by 5 ml of 17% and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 5 ml of distilled water, and a laser group, in which the root canals were irradiated using a 980-nm diode laser after the final irrigation at both visits. The pain levels after both visits were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) after 8 h, 24 h, 48 h and 7 d. In addition, the time intervals to medication intake were recorded. The collected data were statistically analysed using the chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe average pain level in the control group 24 h after the first visit was significantly higher than that in the laser group (p < 0.05). The average pain level 24 h and 48 h after the second visit was significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.05). The levels of PP 24 h after the first visit were higher than those after the second visit only in the control group (p < 0.05). After the first visit, analgesic use in the control group was significantly higher after 8 h (40%) and 24 h (23%) as compared with that in the laser group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsRoot canal irradiation with a diode laser may reduce PP after RCT in single-rooted teeth with a PAI score of 3 or 4.Trial registrationEffect of the Diode Laser on Post-operative Pain After Endodontic Treatment in Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: NCT04486196. Registered 24 July 2020-Retrospectively registered, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04486196.

Project description:Background: Many challenges encounter the endodontist, especially when dealing with necrotic teeth with chronic periapical lesions. Postoperative pain may be induced following conventional endodontic therapy and total eradication of the bacteria is almost unachievable even with recently available techniques. In recent years, diode laser usage in the endodontic field has gained acceptance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the ability of the diode laser (DL) to decrease postoperative pain and achieve root canal sterility. Methods: 56 patients with anterior teeth with chronic periapical lesions in upper anterior teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 28). All patients were treated with two visits of conventional root canal treatment with ProTaper Universal. The DL group: root canals were irradiated with 200 µm fiber optic at both visits; the control group (Endo): the DL fiber was placed in root canal with no activation. Bacterial samples were collected from all the cases at each step of the treatment. Pain levels were evaluated using a numerical rating scale preoperatively, and after 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and 7 days. Bacterial count was used to detect both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial load. Results: The qualitative pain scores revealed statistically significant lower pain levels in the DL group compared with the Endo group at all time intervals (P<0.001), except preoperatively where there was no significant difference. There was a statistically significant lower bacterial count for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the DL group compared with the Endo group in both S3 samples (after laser application) and S4 samples (bacterial colonization) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The 980 nm diode laser may be a successful adjunct to conventional endodontic treatment of necrotic cases with chronic periapical lesions in terms of postoperative pain and root canal disinfection. Trail registration: PACTR201511001275414 (date: 23 rd September 2015).

Dataset Information

Inhibitory effect of 980-nm laser on neural activity of the rat's cochlear nucleus.

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Inhibitory effect of 980-nm laser on neural activity of the rat's cochlear nucleus.

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