Review of Cases of Angiostrongyliasis in Hawaii, 2007-2017.
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SUBMITTER: Johnston DI
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6726938 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundJapanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne disease with a high prevalence in Yunnan Province, China. However, there has been a lack of a JE epidemic systematic analysis, which is urgently needed to guide control and prevention efforts.MethodsThis study explored and described the spatiotemporal distribution of JE cases observed among two different age groups in Yunnan Province from 2007 to 2017. The epidemiological features and spatial features were analyzed according to basic statistics, ArcGIS software (version 9.3; ESRI, Redlands, CA) and SPSS software (version 20; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York).ResultsOverall, the whole province had a high incidence of JE. The annual incidence rates in 2007 and 2017 were 1.668/100,000 and 0.158/100,000, respectively. The annual mortality was under 0.095/100,000 for these years. Although the whole province was in danger of JE, the Diqing autonomous prefecture and the Lijiang autonomous prefecture had no JE cases recorded for over 10 years. The JE cases were reported by hospitals located in 60 counties of 14 municipalities. The top ten areas with the most JE cases were Kunming City, Zhaotong City, Jinghong City, Wenshan City, Mangshi City, Pu'er City, Baoshan City, Dali City, Chuxiong City, and Gejiu City. The incidence declined smoothly, with a peak occurring from June to September, which accounted for 96.1% of the total cases. Children whose age was equal or less than 10 years old (LEQ10) still maintained a high frequency of JEV infection, and a large number of cases were reported in August, despite the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), which was established in April 2008. There was no difference in the quantity of cases between the two groups (t = -0.411, P>0.05); additionally, the number of JE cases among patients LEQ10 were significantly greater than those among patients older than 10 years (GTR10). Further analysis using local indicators of spatial association (LISA) revealed that the distribution of JE exhibited a high-high cluster characteristic (Z = 2.06, P<0.05), which showed that Jinghong City, Guangnan County, Yanshan County, Funing County, and Mengzi City were hot spots for the JE epidemic.ConclusionsAlthough the EPI was established in 2008 and the incidence of JE declined smoothly in Yunnan Province, there was no difference in the number of cases between the two age groups, which reveals that the EPI has been conducted with a low level success. In the context of limited vaccine supply capacity, we should strengthen the implementation of the children's immunization program before strengthening other immunization programs.
| S-EPMC7156086 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human angiostrongyliasis is an important foodborne helminthic zoonosis caused by the nematodes of the genus Angiostrongylus. We describe two parasitologically confirmed cases of ocular angiostrongyliasis, presenting at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand between 2012 and 2018. Parasites were surgically recovered from patients' eyes and morphologically identified as Angiostrongylus species. DNA analysis allowed identification of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify all or part of the small nuclear ribosomal subunit, the second internal transcribed spacer region, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. The sequences subsequently obtained were highly similar to those of A. cantonensis (97-100%). This is the first molecular confirmation that A. cantonensis is a causative agent of human angiostrongyliasis in Thailand.
| S-EPMC7253112 | biostudies-literature
Project description:CONTEXT:Rugby union is the most widely played team collision sport globally. As with other contact sports, there is substantial risk of injury. To date, the majority of studies on injury epidemiology have focused on elite male cohorts, which inherently prevents extrapolation of research findings to other groups within the player continuum. This review aims to describe emerging injury trends across the spectrum of various rugby union subpopulations and to highlight gaps that may influence future injury prevention tactics. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:Relevant articles published from 2007 to 2017 were obtained by searching MEDLINE, PubMed, and SPORT Discus. Studies on 15-a-side rugby union, implemented according to the 2007 consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures for injuries in rugby union, were used. STUDY DESIGN:Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level 3. RESULTS:Match injuries occur more frequently than training injuries. Injury rates increase consistently according to age and level of play. Severity of injury often is greater among lower levels of the game, and sex-specific differences relating to injury patterns and incidence rates exist. CONCLUSION:To date, a paucity of injury surveillance data exists for women and players of both sexes at all levels of community rugby union. Furthermore, the incidence of injuries and illnesses are poorly reported in epidemiological studies. Despite methodological differences, injury trends remain consistent throughout all levels of play.
| S-EPMC5958454 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRegistration of interventional trials of Food and Drug Administration-regulated drug and biological products and devices became a legal requirement in 2007; the vast majority of these trials are registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. An analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov offers an opportunity to define the clinical research landscape; here we analyze 10 years of infectious disease (ID) clinical trial research.MethodsBeginning with 166 415 interventional trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov from 2007-2017, ID trials were selected by study conditions and interventions. Relevance to ID was confirmed through manual review, resulting in 13 707 ID trials and 152 708 non-ID trials.ResultsID-related trials represented 6.9%-9.9% of all trials with no significant trend over time. ID trials tended to be more focused on treatment and prevention, with a focus on testing drugs, biologics, and vaccines. ID trials tended to be large, randomized, and nonblinded with a greater degree of international enrollment. Industry was the primary funding source for 45.2% of ID trials. Compared with the global burden of disease, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and hepatitis C trials were overrepresented, and lower respiratory tract infection trials were underrepresented. Hepatitis C trials fluctuated, keeping with a wave of new drug development. Influenza vaccine trials peaked during the 2009 H1N1 swine influenza outbreak.ConclusionsThis study presents the most comprehensive characterization of ID clinical trials over the past decade. These results help define how clinical research aligns with clinical need. Temporal trends reflect changes in disease epidemiology and the impact of scientific discovery and market forces. Periodic review of ID clinical trials can help identify gaps and serve as a mechanism to realign resources.
| S-EPMC6598302 | biostudies-literature
Project description:National HIV prevention goals call for interventions that address Continuum of HIV Care (CoC) for persons living with HIV. Electronic health (eHealth) can leverage technology to rapidly develop and disseminate such interventions. We conducted a qualitative review to synthesize (a) technology types, (b) CoC outcomes, (c) theoretical frameworks, and (d) behavior change mechanisms. This rapid review of eHealth, HIV-related articles (2007-2017) focused on technology-based interventions that reported CoC-related outcomes. Forty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Mobile texting was the most commonly reported technology (44.4%, k = 20). About 75% (k = 34) of studies showed proven or preliminary efficacy for improving CoC-related outcomes. Most studies (60%, k = 27) focused on medication adherence; 20% (k = 9) measured virologic suppression. Many eHealth interventions with preliminary or proven efficacy relied on mobile technology and integrated knowledge/cognition as behavior change mechanisms. This review identified gaps in development and application of eHealth interventions regarding CoC.
| S-EPMC5760442 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo review the notification rate and characteristics of tertiary and neurosyphilis cases in Alberta, Canada in the postantibiotic era.MethodsA retrospective review of all neurosyphilis and tertiary syphilis cases reported in Alberta from 1973 to March 2017 was undertaken and cases classified into early neurosyphilis, late neurosyphilis and cardiovascular (CV) syphilis. Variables collected included demographics, sexual partners, HIV status, clinical parameters, symptoms and treatment and distributions were compared between early versus late neurosyphilis and asymptomatic versus symptomatic cases (stratified by early versus late stage). Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics V.19.0.Results254 cases were identified; 251 were neurosyphilis and 3 were CV. No cases of gummatous syphilis were reported. Early neurosyphilis accounted for 52.4% (n=133) and 46.1% (n=117) were late neurosyphilis cases; one (0.4%) case with unknown duration. Three outbreaks of infectious syphilis were identified during the study period and a concurrent rise in both early and late neurosyphilis was observed during the outbreak periods. The most common manifestation of symptomatic neurosyphilis was ocular involvement which was more likely in early neurosyphilis. Relative to late neurosyphilis cases, early neurosyphilis cases were more likely to be younger, Caucasian, born in Canada, HIV positive and reporting same sex partners.ConclusionsOur review of tertiary and neurosyphilis cases found that early and late neurosyphilis cases continue to occur in the context of cycling syphilis outbreaks. CV syphilis cases were extremely rare. Ongoing identification of new cases of syphilis and clinical evaluation of cases for complications continues to be important in the context of global resurgence of syphilis.
| S-EPMC6596972 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite recent advances, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable. However, the appearance of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) through graft-versus-myeloma effect provides a potential way to cure MM to some degree. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the outcome of patients receiving allo-SCT and identified a series of prognostic factors that may affect the outcome of allo-SCT.We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 2007.01.01 to 2017.05.03 using the keywords 'allogeneic' and 'myeloma'.A total of 61 clinical trials involving 8698 adult patients were included. The pooled estimates (95% CI) for overall survival (OS) at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years were 70 (95% CI 56-84%), 62 (95% CI 53-71%), 52 (95% CI 44-61%), and 46 (95% CI 40-52%), respectively; for progression-free survival were 51 (95% CI 38-64%), 40 (95% CI 32-48%), 34 (95% CI 27-41%), and 27 (95% CI 23-31%), respectively; and for treatment-related mortality (TRM) were 18 (95% CI 14-21%), 21 (95% CI 17-25%), 20 (95% CI 13-26%), and 27 (95% CI 21-33%), respectively. Additionally, the pooled 100-day TRM was 12 (95% CI 5-18%). The incidences of grades II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD were 34 (95% CI 30-37%) and 51 (95% CI 46-56%), respectively. The incidences of relapse rate (RR) and death rate were 50 (95% CI 45-55%) and 51 (95% CI 45-57%), respectively. Importantly, disease progression was the most major cause of death (48%), followed by TRM (44%). The results failed to show an apparent benefit of allo-SCT for standard risk patients, compared with tandem auto-SCT. In contrast, all 14 trials in our study showed that patients with high cytogenetic risk after allo-SCT had similar OS and PFS compared to those with standard risk, suggesting that allo-SCT may overcome the adverse prognosis of high cytogenetic risk.Due to the lack of consistent survival benefit, allo-SCT should not be considered as a standard of care for newly diagnosed and relapsed standard-risk MM patients. However, for patients with high-risk MM who have a poor long-term prognosis, allo-SCT may be a strong consideration in their initial course of therapy or in first relapse after chemotherapy, when the risk of disease progression may outweigh the transplant-related risks. A large number of prospective randomized controlled trials were needed to prove the benefits of these therapeutic options.
| S-EPMC5913895 | biostudies-other
Project description:Mosquito-borne viruses cause diseases of great public health concern. Arboviral disease case distributions have complex relationships with socioeconomic and environmental factors. We combined information about socio-economic (population, and poverty rate) and environmental (precipitation, and land use) characteristics with reported human cases of arboviral disease in the counties of Alabama, USA, from 2007-2017. We used county level data on West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Zika virus (ZIKV), California serogroup virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, and Saint Louis encephalitis virus to provide a detailed description of their spatio-temporal pattern. We found a significant spatial convergence between incidence of WNV and poverty rate clustered in the southern part of Alabama. DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV cases showed a different spatial pattern, being mostly located in the northern part, in areas of high socioeconomic status. The results of our study establish that poverty-driven inequities in arboviral risk exist in the southern USA, and should be taken into account when planning prevention and intervention strategies.
| S-EPMC8284636 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo know the current status of the epidemiological and geographic distribution of tuberculosis and its complication meningeal tuberculosis in Mexico, this work analyzes national surveillance data (ten years) issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology (GDE).MethodsAn observational and retrospective analysis of monthly and annual reports of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis cases from January 2007 to December 2017 was performed on the annual reports issued by the GDE in Mexico. The number of cases and incidence were classified by year, state, age group, gender, and seasons.ResultsA national case distribution map of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis incidence was generated. During this period, a total of 184,003 and 3,388 cases were reported with a median of 16,727.5 and 308 cases per year for pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis diseases, respectively. The number of cases and incidence of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis per year showed that male gender presented a continuous increase in both parameters. The geographic analysis of the distribution of cases of tuberculosis showed that states like Guerrero, Tabasco, and Veracruz presented higher means of tuberculosis cases during this period. Northern states had the highest number of cases in the country compared to other states. In Mexico, pulmonary tuberculosis and meningeal tuberculosis are seasonal. Interestingly, cases of meningeal tuberculosis show an increase during October and November (autumn).ConclusionsIn Mexico, during the years 2007-2017, there has been an increase in the proportion of male TB patients. It remains necessary to implement strategies to detect TB in the adult population, especially among men, because tuberculosis could be difficult to recognize in an early stage in the population, and the appearance of resistant strains can cause an increase in the incidence of the disease.
| S-EPMC6501252 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to investigate implementation of multiplex PCR assays (broad screening PCR) on the distribution and characteristics of notified Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cases in Norway, 2007-2017. We described STEC cases notified to the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases (MSIS), 2007-2017 and categorised cases as high-virulent, low-virulent or unclassifiable STEC infections based on guidelines for follow-up of STEC cases. We conducted descriptive analysis and time series analysis allowing for trends and seasonality, and calculated adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) using negative binomial regression for laboratories with and without broad screening PCR. A total of 1458 STEC cases were notified to MSIS (2007-2017), median age 21 years, 51% female. Cases were categorised as having 475 (33%) high-virulent, 652 (45%) low-virulent, and 331 (23%) unclassifiable STEC infections. We observed a higher increasing monthly trend in cases (aIRR = 1.020; 95% CI 1.016-1.024) notified from laboratories with broad screening PCR (n = 4) compared to laboratories (n = 17) without (aIRR = 1.011; 95% CI 1.007-1.014). Notification of low-virulent STEC infections increased from laboratories with broad screening PCR. The increase in notified STEC cases was prominent in cases categorised with a low-virulent STEC infection and largely attributable to unselective screening methods. We recommend NIPH to maintain differentiated control measures for STEC cases to avoid follow-up of low-virulent STEC infections. We recommend microbiological laboratories in Norway to consider a more cost-effective broad screening PCR strategy that enables differentiation of high-virulent STEC infections.
| S-EPMC6424946 | biostudies-literature